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Join Ayush Sir, tomorrow @ 10:00 am to revise UPSC PYQs for UPSC Prelims 2025!

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Q. 1. With reference to the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit consider the following statements

1. The 19th summit held in Rwanda marked the first time a NAM Summit was held in Sub-Saharan Africa.

2. "Ten Principles of Bandung" proclaimed during Bandung Conference were later adopted as the policy document of NAM.

3. UN is an observer to NAM.

Q.2. With reference to the Kalapani territorial dispute between India and Nepal, consider the following statements:

1. The dispute arises due to differing interpretations of the Sugauli Treaty (1815), which defined the Kali River as the boundary between India and Nepal.

2. The region of Kalapani is strategically significant for India, as it lies close to the Lipulekh Pass, which is an important trade and pilgrimage route to Tibet.

3. Nepal unilaterally issued a new political map in 2020, incorporating Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura into its territory, which was officially recognized by the United Nations.

Q. 3. With reference to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention), consider the following statements:

1. The Genocide Convention was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1948 and came into force in 1951.

2. It is the first legally binding international treaty that defines genocide and obligates states to prevent and punish it.

3. The Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) have ratified the Genocide Convention.

4. The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the tribunal with jurisdiction to prosecute genocide cases under this convention.

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Q.1. Which of the following countries are not a member of OPEC ?

1. Gabon
2. Nigeria
3. USA
4. Russia
5. Angola
6. Cameroon

Q.2. With reference to the Black Sea, consider the following statements :

1. The Black Sea is a landlocked body of water connected to the Mediterranean Sea only through artificial canals.

2. The Montreux Convention of 1936 governs the passage of naval ships through the straits connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean.

3. The Black Sea does not have any significant river inflows, making its salinity higher than that of the Mediterranean.

Q.3. With reference to the Aegean Sea consider the following statements :

1. The Aegean Sea has been a point of contention between Greece and Turkey, with disputes over territorial waters, airspace, and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs).

2. The Montreux Convention (1936) governs the passage of all naval vessels through the Aegean Sea, ensuring free movement of warships.

3. Recent tensions in the Aegean Sea have escalated due to the discovery of significant hydrocarbon reserves, leading to military posturing by both Greece and Turkey.

4. The Aegean Sea falls entirely under the jurisdiction of the European Union, as all bordering nations are EU member states

Announcement for Prelim 2025 Students Only 🙏

Hello Aspirants!

PSIR Challenge for the week Day - 40 - Get a detailed PDF here - https://t.me/PSIRforUPSCandPCS