RAMALAN AMALI FIZIK , KIMIA & BIOLOGI SPM 2023

FIZIK

- electric

KIMIA

- rate of reaction
- temperature factor

BIOLOGI

- calorific value of food

Esok korg amali subjek apa

Chemistry Amali Questions

1) Observation:
- Colourless gas bubbles are released
- Effervescence occurs
- Magnesium ribbon dissolves completely in hydrochloric acid

2) Inference
- Hydrogen gas is produced.
- Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce Magnesium Chloride and Hydrogen gas.

3) Variables
MV: Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid
ORV: Time taken for reaction to complete // Time taken for magnesium ribbon to dissolve completely in hydrochloric acid
RV: Rate of reaction
CV: Volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid // length of magnesium ribbon [REJECT: Mass of magnesium ribbon (kita tak weigh the ribbon, jadi not a possible variable)]
NOTE: RV ikut aim soalan

4) Equations
Chemical: Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Ionic: 2H+ + Mg -> Mg2+ + H2

5) Hypothesis:
The higher the temperature of hydrochloric acid, the higher its rate of reaction with Magnesium [ikut aim soalan, kalau rate of reaction je then tulis penuh mcmni]

5) Operational Definition
Rate of reaction is..
What you do: time taken
What you observe: magnesium ribbon to dissolve completely in hydrochloric acid
What you do: when magnesium ribbon is added into a beaker which contains 50.0cm3 hydrochloric acid

6) If repeated by replacing...
✨ Hydrochloric acid with ethanoic acid
- ROR lower. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. Ethanoic acid ionises partially in water to produce a low concentration of H+ io
6) If repeated by replacingns / Lower concentration of H+ ions
✨ Hydrochloric acid with sulphuric acid
- ROR higher. Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid. Concentration of H+ ions is doubled.
✨ Magnesium ribbon with magnesium powder
- ROR higher. Size of magnesium powder is smaller than magnesium ribbon / total surface area of Mg powder exposed to HCl is bigger.
✨Mg ribbon with Cu ribbon
- Cu ribbon does not dissolve in HCl. Cu does not react with HCl because Cu is less electropositive than hydrogen

7) Precautionary steps
- Thermometer must not touch the bottom of the beaker
- Magnesium ribbon must be cleaned using sand paper to prevent oxide layer
- Eye must be perpendicular to reading to prevent parallax error

semoga bermanfaat untuk semua :))

Credit nopal

operational definition for

- rate of reaction
time taken for magnesium strip to completely dissolve when magnesium strip is added into hcl

- for this experiment
time taken for magnesium strip to completely dissolve when magnesium strip is added into different temperatures of hcl solution, the higher the temperature of hcl, the shorter the time taken for it magnesium strip to dissolve

Bittaufiq wannajah batch 06 for your Chemistry amali 🫶🏻✨

Doa byk2 supaya dipermudahkan amali esok

prediction question

🌺 if hcl is replaced with ethanoic
- rate of reaction decrease
- weak acid . ionise partially in water to produce h+

🌺 hcl => h2so4
- rate if reaction increase
- diprotic acid
- concentration h+ is doubled

🌺 mg ribbon => mg powder
- rate of reaction increase
- size decrease
- higher total surface area that is exposed to acid

🌺 mg => copper
- does not dissolve in hcl
- less electropositive that hydrogen

Cmne amali harini gais

Apa2pun result harini, I'm proud of you all🫶🏻
You guys gave your best and that's what matters okeyy😽