Assalamualaikum wbt dan haii korgg

Bagi yang baru masuk, lemme introduce myself😋🌸

Nama min ialah Tahirah tp lebih dikenali sbg Heera and I'm batch 05😉

Soo if you guys didn't know yet, min actually ada buat sebuah buku Chemistry 🤓
It is a compilation of my notes during spm as well as notes of other excellent students.

Tujuan min hasilkan buku tu ialah supaya dapat memberi manfaat kepada adik2 semua dan membantu in understanding chemistry terutamanya🤩🧪

Personally, nota2 yg min buat tu sgt membantu min during spm 2022 and alhamdulilah min peroleh A+ dalam subjek kimia🥹

Anyways, kalau korg berminat utk dapatkan buku tuu, boleh pm min @callmehee_67.

And buku tu dlp tauu btw😙🫶🏻

Here is the front cover of the book😋🦋

KERTAS 3 AMALI FIZIK SPM 2023 - Hak Cipta SMKDO
https://t.me/PerkasaSPM
Jom Sertai PerkasaSPM2023 untuk mendapatkan nota dan tips agar dapat skor dalam SPM 2023 & 2024 #JomBangkit
https://t.me/PerkasaSPM

tips ujian amali fizik 🤍🤍

- susun radas dengan tenang, contohnya nak pasang litar, jangan gopoh

pemboleh ubah :
- MV (manipulated variable) / manipulasi
- RV (responding variable) / bergerak balas
- CV (constant variable) / dimalarkan

- tujuan : untuk mengkaji hubungan antara (MV) dan (RV)
- hipotesis (andaian awal) : guna semakin semakin
- pemerhatian : apa yang kita nampak
- inferens : penerangan daripada pemerhatian
- hubungan : guna semakin semakin

*hafal langkah berjaga-jaga setiap eksperimen

graf :
a - paksi kena ada simbol
b - paksi kena ada unit
c - skala seragam
d - semua titik diplot betul
e - garis lurus / lengkung terbaik
f - saiz graf MESTI besar, 2/3 daripada kertas graf

paksi mesti lukis dekat hujung bingkai kertas graf, barulah grafnya besarr

Creds to owner

RAMALAN AMALI FIZIK , KIMIA & BIOLOGI SPM 2023

FIZIK

- electric

KIMIA

- rate of reaction
- temperature factor

BIOLOGI

- calorific value of food

Esok korg amali subjek apa

Chemistry Amali Questions

1) Observation:
- Colourless gas bubbles are released
- Effervescence occurs
- Magnesium ribbon dissolves completely in hydrochloric acid

2) Inference
- Hydrogen gas is produced.
- Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce Magnesium Chloride and Hydrogen gas.

3) Variables
MV: Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid
ORV: Time taken for reaction to complete // Time taken for magnesium ribbon to dissolve completely in hydrochloric acid
RV: Rate of reaction
CV: Volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid // length of magnesium ribbon [REJECT: Mass of magnesium ribbon (kita tak weigh the ribbon, jadi not a possible variable)]
NOTE: RV ikut aim soalan

4) Equations
Chemical: Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Ionic: 2H+ + Mg -> Mg2+ + H2

5) Hypothesis:
The higher the temperature of hydrochloric acid, the higher its rate of reaction with Magnesium [ikut aim soalan, kalau rate of reaction je then tulis penuh mcmni]

5) Operational Definition
Rate of reaction is..
What you do: time taken
What you observe: magnesium ribbon to dissolve completely in hydrochloric acid
What you do: when magnesium ribbon is added into a beaker which contains 50.0cm3 hydrochloric acid

6) If repeated by replacing...
✨ Hydrochloric acid with ethanoic acid
- ROR lower. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. Ethanoic acid ionises partially in water to produce a low concentration of H+ io
6) If repeated by replacingns / Lower concentration of H+ ions
✨ Hydrochloric acid with sulphuric acid
- ROR higher. Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid. Concentration of H+ ions is doubled.
✨ Magnesium ribbon with magnesium powder
- ROR higher. Size of magnesium powder is smaller than magnesium ribbon / total surface area of Mg powder exposed to HCl is bigger.
✨Mg ribbon with Cu ribbon
- Cu ribbon does not dissolve in HCl. Cu does not react with HCl because Cu is less electropositive than hydrogen

7) Precautionary steps
- Thermometer must not touch the bottom of the beaker
- Magnesium ribbon must be cleaned using sand paper to prevent oxide layer
- Eye must be perpendicular to reading to prevent parallax error

semoga bermanfaat untuk semua :))

Credit nopal