हाल ही में जारी 'जलवायु परिवर्तन प्रदर्शन सूचकांक 2024' के सन्दर्भ में निम्रलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:

1. इस सूचकांक में भारत लगातार पांच वर्ष से शीर्ष दस देशों में बना हुआ है।

2. भारत ने इस वर्ष इस सूचकांक में 9वां स्थान प्राप्त किया है।

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*भारतीय राज्यों के स्थापना दिवस ✓*

*➺अरुणाचल प्रदेश-* 20 फरवरी 1987
*➺असम-* 26 जनवरी 1950
*➺आंध्र प्रदेश-* 1 नवंबर 1956
*➺ओडिशा-* 1 अप्रैल 1936
*➺उत्तर प्रदेश-* 24 जनवरी 1950
*➺उत्तराखंड-* 9 नवंबर 2000
*➺कर्नाटक-* 1 नवंबर 1956
*➺केरल-* 1 नवंबर 1956
*➺गुजरात-* 1 मई 1960
*➺गोवा-* 30 मई 1987
*➺छतीसगढ़-* 01 नवंबर 2000
*➺झारखड-* 15 नवंबर 2000
*➺तमिलनाडु-* 1 नवंबर 1956
*➺तेलंगाना-* 02 जून 2014
*➺त्रिपुरा-* 21 जनवर 1972
*➺नागालैंड-* 01 दिसंबर 1963
*➺पंजाब-* 01 नवंबर 1966
*➺पश्चिम बंगाल-* 26 जनवरी 1950
*➺बिहार-* 22 मार्च 1912
*➺मणिपुर-* 21 जनवरी 1972
*➺मध्य प्रदेश-* 01 नवंबर 1956
*➺महाराष्ट्र-* 1 मई 1960
*➺मिजोरम-* 20 फ़रवरी 1987
*➺मेघालय-* 21 जनवरी 1972
*➺राजस्थान-* 30 मार्च 1949
*➺सिक्किम-* 16 मई 1975
*➺हरियाणा-* 1 नवंबर 1966
*➺हिमाचल प्रदेश-* 25 जनवरी 1971

🔆A recent study suggest liquid water deep inside the martian rocks

#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology

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💫💫 PRELIMS BUSTER 💫💫

✅ Master Clock System:

▪️Context: For the first time, Indian Railways is set to develop a master clock system to synchronize time across its entire network, addressing issues with the current manual time-keeping method.

▪️This initiative arose due to difficulties in investigating rail accidents caused by time mismatches across different systems and applications.

▪️The existing system involves station masters setting time manually based on instructions from section controllers, leading to discrepancies during accident investigations.

▪️The new master clock system will source time from reliable sources like NAVIC or the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and will be integrated across various railway applications and systems.

▪️This synchronized time system will enhance operational efficiency and improve the accuracy of post-incident analyses.

✅ Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC):

▪️Context: Raksha Mantri inaugurated the new Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC).

▪️The Regional Marine Pollution Response Centre and the Coast Guard Air Enclave was also inaugurated.

▪️These facilities are designed to enhance maritime security and ensure efficient responses to emergencies.

▪️Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) Improve maritime rescue operations for distressed mariners and fishermen
- Advanced equipment for distress monitoring and real-time communication.

▪️Regional Marine Pollution Response Centre Respond to marine pollution, particularly oil and chemical spills - First-of-its-kind in the region; operates 24/7; provides pollution response training

▪️Coast Guard Air Enclave Strengthen maritime security along the coast

- Equipped with indigenously built helicopters for maritime patrols and search and rescue missions

✅ Micro-and Nano-Plastics as Emerging Food Contaminants:

▪️Context: The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has launched a project to address the rising concern of microplastic contamination in food.

▪️The initiative, titled “Micro-and Nano-Plastics as Emerging Food Contaminants,” aims to develop and validate methods for detecting microplastics in various food products and assess their prevalence and exposure levels in India.

▪️The project is being conducted in collaboration with leading research institutions across India.

▪️The project will focus on creating standard protocols for microplastic analysis, comparing results across different laboratories, and generating crucial data on microplastic exposure among consumers.

▪️FSSAI’s initiative follows global studies, including a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), highlighting the presence of microplastics in common food items like sugar and salt.

✅ Malabar Tree Toad (MTT):

▪️Context: A recent study indicates that the population of the endemic Malabar Tree Toad (MTT) in India’s Western Ghats may decline by 68.7% by 2080 due to climate change, particularly in protected areas (PAs).

▪️The Malabar Tree Toad, a unique arboreal species rediscovered in 1980 after being first discovered in 1876, faces severe threats from climate change, habitat fragmentation, pollution, and disease.

▪️The study found that climate change is likely to shift Malabar Tree Toad habitats from central to southern Western Ghats, with some wildlife sanctuaries potentially becoming more suitable, while others might lose suitable habitats.

▪️The Malabar Tree Toad lives mainly in trees, in dense canopy of tropical rainforests.

🔹It is active at night, feeding on insects and other small creatures, while during the day, it hides under leaves or in tree crevices to stay safe from predators and avoid drying out.

🔹The Malabar Tree Toad is listed as “Endangered” on the IUCN Red List.

✅ Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube:

▪️Context: The Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube is a cutting-edge, mobile hospital developed by the Indian Air Force (IAF) as part of the Army’s broader BHISHM initiative (Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog, Hita, and Maitri).

▪️This state-of-the-art cube, is designed to treat up to 200 casualties, making it a rapid response solution for disaster management.

▪️The cube is equipped with advanced medical equipment and integrates AI and data analytics for effective coordination and real-time monitoring.

▪️It includes 72 lightweight, transportable components that can be easily moved by hand, cycle, or drone, offering unmatched flexibility in disaster-struck areas.

▪️The system also features the BHISHM software for efficient inventory management, ensuring readiness for repeated use.

▪️The cube’s ability to be quickly deployed and its robust, waterproof design make it ideal for emergency situations, potentially saving lives during the critical “golden hour” following mass casualty incidents.

#upsc #psc #prelims #currentaffairs #up_special #uppsc #uppcs #pcs

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Question 8: e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What
inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features? (150 words, 10 marks)

MODEL ANSWER

✅ INTRODUCTION:

▪️E-governance, driven by integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance government service delivery, has gained significant traction in India.
▪️Notable initiatives like the Digital India
mission and the National e-governance plan have propelled its adoption across the country.

▪️E-Governance helps by:

🔹Effectiveness: Through automation, reduced paperwork, JAM trinity for public benefits, online submissions.

🔹Transparency: Open data of governance, portals to track attendance, easier to access government
documents.

🔹Accountability: Easier to file RTIs, enhanced monitoring, crime prevention using facial recognition etc,
informed citizens.

✅ BODY OF THE ANSWER:

▪️Inadequacies hampering the potential of e-Governance

🔹Digital Divide: Disparities in internet access persist, with rural areas lagging far behind urban centers.
Only a fraction of rural households (14.9%) has internet access compared to their urban counterparts (42%).

🔹Gender Disparity: A digital gender divide prevails, with only 25% of adult women owning smartphones compared to 41% of adult men.

🔹Language divide: Most e-governance resources are available in English or some in Hindi.
However, most citizens cannot access them in their vernacular languages.

🔹Low Digital Literacy: A substantial portion of the population lacks digital literacy, with only 38% of households being digitally literate.

The lower functionaries of government themselves are not accustomed to operate computers.

🔹Privacy & Security Concerns: Recent incidents, like the CoWIN portal data breach in 2023, have raised significant concerns regarding data privacy and security. Also, certain security organisations like defence etc. are susceptible to data thefts. Cyber-security challenges like Ransomware etc. also stall the implementation
of e-governance.

🔹Legal & Regulatory Gaps: The absence of comprehensive legal and regulatory frameworks addressing digital
rights, data protection, and online accountability poses challenges.

🔹Interoperability Challenges: Ensuring interoperability and data sharing among various government
departments within e-governance remains complex and costly.

🔹Corruption: India's ranking of 85th out of 180 countries on the Corruption Perception Index (2021) highlights
persistent corruption issues.

🔹Inadequate Infrastructure: Inadequate internet connectivity and unreliable electricity supply in rural areas
hinder effective e-governance.

🔹Legal challenges: India’s cyber-security laws are absolete and data protection regime has also not been
established.

✅ CONCLUSION:

Thus, the realise the full potential of e-governance government is taking steps like creation of National Data
Governance Framework, IndeA stack, AgriStack, enacting of Personal Data Protection bill. Further steps required as bridging digital divide, making websites available in vernacular languages, boosting the cyber-
security architecture etc.

#upsc #gs2 #mains #egovernance

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Major coal fields of India

🟥 West Bengal- Raniganj (India's oldest coal field)

🟥 Jharkhand- Jharia (largest), Bokaro, Dhanbad, Giridih, Karanpura, Ramgarh, Daltonganj

🟥Odisha-Talcher, Himgiri, Rampur

🟥Andhra Pradesh-Kantapalli, Singareni

🟥Chhattisgarh- Korba, Bishrampur, Sonhat, Jhilmil

#geography #revision

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🟥 Major waterfalls of the world

🟪 Niagara Falls
▪️Shares the international border of Canada and the United States and is located in New York State and Ontario Province. It is the collective name of three waterfalls.

🟪 Victoria Falls
▪️ One of the seven natural wonders of the world by CNN. It is on the Zambezi River in South Africa and shares the border with Zimbabwe and Zambia.

🟪 Angel Falls
▪️It is the world's highest waterfall on the Churún River, a tributary of the Caroni River in Venezuela.

🟪 Iguazu Falls
▪️Forms the border between Argentina and Brazil. It is the world's largest waterfall system.

🟪 Guaira Falls Guaira Falls
▪️A series of massive waterfalls on the Parana River on the border of Paraguay and Brazil

#geography #revision

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🟥 Major oceanic trenches of the world

🟪 Mariana Trench:
▪️An almost continuous chain of these is found on the eastern and western coasts of the Pacific Ocean, of which the Mariana Trench is the deepest.
▪️ This is the deepest trench in the world. It is located to the west of the Philippines. Its depth is 11034 meters.

🟪 Tonga Trench:
▪️It is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Tonga Islands.

🟪 Sunda Trench:
▪️Formerly known as the Java Trench, it is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean, located south of the Java Island in Indonesia.
▪️ The maximum depth of this trench is 7,725 metres (25,344 feet).

🟪Puerto Rico Trench:
▪️It is located on the border of the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean.

#geography #revision #uppsc #pcs #ro_aro

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🟥 Major rivers of Europe and their features

🟪 Volga River,
▪️Which originates from the Valdai Hills of Russia and falls into the Caspian Sea, is the longest river in Europe.
▪️The Volga River, which connects the Baltic Sea to the Caspian Sea, has historically been essential to Russian culture, trade, and navigation.

🟪 Danube River
▪️The Danube River, which originates in the Black Forest in Germany and flows into the Black Sea, is the second longest river in Europe.
▪️It is an important waterway for trade and transit, passing through ten countries along its approximately 2,850 kilometre length.
▪️Danube Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

🟪 Rhine River
▪️The Rhine River flows from its origin in the Swiss Alps into the North Sea, separating Germany from the Netherlands.
▪️It is one of Europe's busiest and most important waterways, stretching for 1,233 kilometres.

🟪 Loire River
▪️The French Cévennes mountain range is the source of the Loire River, which drains into the Atlantic Ocean.
▪️It is the longest river in France.

🟪Po River
▪️The Italian Cottian Alps are the source of the Po River, which drains into the Adriatic Sea.
▪️It is the longest river in Italy and its length is more than 652 kilometers.

#geography #revision

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🤟 *सुबह की शुरुआत current affairs कहे साथ*🤟

⭐ आज 23 अगस्त को पहली बार *राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष दिवस* मनाया जायेगा

*खेलो इंडिया अस्‍मिता योगासन लीग* (पूर्वी क्षेत्र) 22 अगस्त से बिहार के पटना में पाटलिपुत्र खेल परिसर में शुरू हुई है।

वेनेजुएला की पूर्व साइकिलिस्ट और पांच बार की ओलंपियन *डेनिएला लारियल चिरिनोस* का 50 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हो गया है।

देश के जाने माने संत और पंच दशनम जूना अखाड़ा महामंडलेश्वर *पायलट बाबा* का 86 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हो गया है।

*क्रोएशिया* 2025 से अनिवार्य सैन्य सेवा शुरू करेगा। बता दें कि क्रोएशिया ने यह कदम यूक्रेन के खिलाफ रूसी आक्रामकता और यूरोप में बढ़े तनाव के बीच उठाया है।


भारतीय पैरालंपिक समिति के उपाध्यक्ष *सत्य प्रकाश सांगवान* को आगामी पेरिस पैरालंपिक 2024 के लिए भारतीय दल का चीफ डी मिशन (सीएमडी) नियुक्त किया गया है।

बांग्लादेश क्रिकेट बोर्ड (BCB) के अध्यक्ष *नजमुल हसन पापोन* ने इस्तीफा दे दिया है।


हाल ही में *श्रीलंका* में भारत की सहायता से करीब पांच हजार मंदिरों और मोनेस्‍ट्री कॉलेजों पर सौर पैनल लगाने का कार्य शुरू किया गया है।

हाल ही में *अमरदीप सिंह भाटिया* ने उद्योग एवं आंतरिक व्यापार संवर्धन विभाग के सचिव का कार्यभार संभाला है।

*मन्याचिवाड़ी गांव* महाराष्ट्र का पहला *सौर गांव* बन गया है।

*पसंद आये तो #LIKE जरूर करें*❤

*#daily_current_affairs*
*#current_affairs*
*#today_current_affairs*

💥 पहली बार अंतरिक्ष में टुकड़ों में जाएगा चंद्रयान - 4


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💥 नेपाल तक शुरू होगी रेल सेवा लाइन के लिए मिले 300 करोड़

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💥 अमेरिका में लगी हनुमान जी की 90 फुट ऊंची प्रतिमा

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💥 पुलिस भर्ती परीक्षा के सॉल्वर गैंग के सरगना समेत दो गिरफ्तार

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