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Regulating Act of 1773:

▪️The Regulating act of 1773 got introduced to establish a central administrative system in British India.
▪️The act was brought to regulate the activities of the British East India company. It was an initiative of the British parliament to bring an administrative reform in British India.
▪️The office of the Governor of Bengal was redesignated as the Office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William, also known as Governor-General of Bengal.
▪️Lord Warren Hastings was the first person to hold this designation.
▪️The Executive Council of four members was created to assist the Governor-General.
▪️The Governors of Bombay and Madras were made subordinate to the Governor General of Bengal, thereby making the Governor General of Bengal as the ultimate authority.
▪️This act brought prohibition on the servants of the company from engaging in any private trade or accepting bribes and gift from the local people.
▪️In the year 1774, Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William was established at Calcutta with one Chief Justice and three other judges.

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Q. With reference to the acts made during the British rule, consider the following statements:

1. Laws made before the Government of India Act, 1858 were called Regulations and those made after are called Acts.
2. The Government of India Act, 1858 abolished Board of Control and Court of Directors.
3. The Councils Act of 1861 accorded statutory recognition to the portfolio system.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The charter act of 1833 legalized the British colonization of India. It ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body, it became a administrative body.
- It provided that the company’s territories in India were held by government ‘in trust for His Majesty, His heirs and successors’.
- It made the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers.
- This made Lord William Bentinck the first Governor-General of India.
- The Governors of Bombay and Madras lost their legislative powers. Governor-General of India had legislative powers over entire British India.
- The laws made under the previous acts were called as Regulations while laws made under this act were called as Acts. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

▪️Government of India Act (1858) was passed by the British Parliament on August 2, 1858. The British Parliament to hand over the administrative control of British India from the East India Company to the Crown.
- The act put an end to the doctrine of lapse as well as abolished the dual government proposed by the Pitt's India Act of 1784.
- The court of directors and the Board of Control of the British East India company was scrapped. Hence statement 2 is correct.

▪️Indian Councils Act of 1861 gave recognition to the 'portfolio' system, introduced by Lord Canning in 1859. Under this, a member of the Viceroy's council was made in-charge of one or more departments of the Government and was authorised to issue final orders on behalf of the council on matters of his department(s). Hence statement 3 is correct.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Under the Constitution the people of India are the ultimate sovereign.
2. The Constitution establishes a parliamentary form of Government both at the Centre and in the States.
3. Like the federal Constitutions of the USA and Australia, the Indian Constitution too lays down provisions relating to the governmental machinery not only in the Centre but also in the States.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Every decision made by any authority must be accepted by the Indian people. But the decision in the hands of people to choose their representative is no question by anyone. Hence, the Indian People are the ultimate sovereign in the Indian constitution. Hence statement 1 is correct.

▪️India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary form of government which is federal in structure with unitary features. Hence statement 2 is correct.

▪️Unlike the federal Constitutions of the USA and Australia, the Indian Constitution lays down provisions relating to the governmental machinery not only in the Centre but also in the States. Hence the Indian Constitution is the bulkiest Constitution in the world, about five times the size of the Constitution of U.S.A. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

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Polity 7
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Polity 8
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Polity 9
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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Africa is the only continent through which all three lines of Equator, Capricorn and Cancer passes.
2. Brazil is the only country in the world through which both the Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator pass.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Not correct statements are asked.

▪️Africa is the second largest continent after Asia. The equator runs almost through the middle of the continent. It is the only continent through which the Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn pass. Hence statement 1 is correct.

▪️The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5 degrees south of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil (Brazil is the only country that passes through both the equator and a tropic), and northern South Africa. Hence statement 2 is correct.

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Q. Consider the following pairs:

Revolution - Related to

1. Blue Revolution - Fish
2. Golden Revolution - Honey
3. Red Revolution - Meat
4. Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Revolutions in Agriculture:

▪️Blue Revolution - Fish
▪️Golden Revolution - Honey
▪️Red Revolution - Meat
▪️Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds
▪️Round Revolution - Potato
▪️Green Revolution - Food Grains
▪️Grey Revolution - Fertilizers
▪️Golden Fiber Revolution - Jute Production
▪️Silver Revolution - Egg Production / Poultry Production
▪️Evergreen Revolution - Overall Production of Agriculture.

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Consider the following pairs:

Projects - River

1. Bhakra-nangal - Sutlej
2. Hirakud - Mahanadi
3. Nath Sagar - Godavari

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Bhakra Village near Bilaspur in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The dam forms the Gobind Sagar reservoir. The dam, located at a gorge near the upstream Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh of height 226 m.

▪️Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. It is the longest earthen dam in the world. Behind the dam extends a lake, Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km (34 mi) long. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects started after India's independence. Hirakud Dam was declared a Ramsar site in August 2022.

▪️Jayakwadi dam or Nath Sagar dam is an earthen dam located on Godavari river at the site of Jayakwadi village in Paithan taluka of Aurangabad district in Maharashtra, India.

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SPR 2023: Indices in NEWS