Economy 18
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

Get Full Current Affairs for Prelims & Mains at Samajho's Corner: https://samajho.com/samajhos-corner/

PDF of all topics available only on the Samajho app: http://goo.gl/Z8vNkY

https://samajho.com/upsc/pending-bills-the-issue-of-gubernatorial-inaction-new-episode-of-tussle-between-the-governor-and-state-legislative-assembly-25th-april-2023-upsc-daily-editorial-analysis/

Pending Bills, the issue of gubernatorial inaction - new episode of tussle between the Governor and State Legislative Assembly | 25th April 2023 | UPSC Daily Editorial Analysis

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Chitwan Declaration:

▪️India, Bhutan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Nepal have explored joint actions and set future priorities for the conservation of the rhinos in Asia.
▪️This was decided at the 3rd Asian Rhino Range Countries Meeting held at Chitwan, Nepal from February 3-5.
▪️The countries have signed on Chitwan Declaration for Asian Rhinos Conservation which has agreed on collaboration focussing on six themes- protection, population management, habitat management, research monitoring and information sharing, coordination and cooperation.
▪️They have agreed to manage the populations of the Greater One‐Horned, Javan and Sumatran Rhinos with the intention of achieving at least a 3% annual growth rate in their populations through strategic actions.

Conservation in India:
▪️In line with the Chitwan Declaration, Bihar government has recently decided to increase its rhino population by 3% annually.
▪️It also decided to increase rhino-bearing areas in Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) by 5% in the next 2 years.
▪️Valmiki Tiger Reserve occupies a core area of 909.86 sq km of the Valmiki Sanctuary located in the West Champaran district of Bihar.
▪️It was established as the 18th Tiger reserve in 1990 and ranked 4th in the density of the tiger population.
▪️The Rivers Gandak and Masan flow through this area.

This Question was asked in SPR+ Crash Course.
Join here: https://premium.samajho.com/purchase?product=20

All PDF available on the Samajho app.

Samajho's android app: https://bit.ly/3H9hva1

Samajho's ios app: https://apple.co/3H8ZJE2

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Sagar Parikrama Phase-III:

▪️Sagar Parikrama is an evolutionary journey envisaged in the sea across the coastal belt demonstrating solidarity with all fisherfolk, fish farmers and concerned stakeholder’s as a spirit of 75th Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav saluting our great freedom fighters, sailors, and fishers.

▪️It is an initiative of Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, and National Fisheries Development Board along with the other state departments, aiming to resolve the issues of the fishers and other stakeholders and facilitate their economic upliftment through various fisheries schemes and programs being implemented by the Government of India.

▪️During the event, certificates/sanctions related to Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada scheme, KCC& State Scheme shall be awarded to the progressive fishermen, especially coastal fishermen, fishers and fish farmers, young fishery entrepreneurs etc.

▪️Literature on PMMSY scheme, State schemes, e-shram, FIDF, KCC etc. shall be popularised through print media, electronic media, videos, digital campaign through jingles among fishers for wide publicity of schemes. A song on Sagar Parikrama in Marathi shall also be launched.

▪️The journey of Sagar Parikrama shall focus on the sustainable balance between the utilization of marine fisheries resources for the food security of the nation and livelihoods of coastal fisher communities and the protection of marine ecosystems, to bridge the gaps of fisher communities, and their expectations, development of fishing villages, upgradation and creation of infrastructure such as fishing harbours & landing centres to ensure sustainable and responsible development through an ecosystem approach.

This Question was asked in SPR+ Crash Course.
Join here: https://premium.samajho.com/purchase?product=20

All PDF available on the Samajho app.

Samajho's android app: https://bit.ly/3H9hva1

Samajho's ios app: https://apple.co/3H8ZJE2

Economy 19
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

Get Full Current Affairs for Prelims & Mains at Samajho's Corner: https://samajho.com/samajhos-corner/

PDF of all topics available only on the Samajho app: http://goo.gl/Z8vNkY

Economy 20
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

Get Full Current Affairs for Prelims & Mains at Samajho's Corner: https://samajho.com/samajhos-corner/

PDF of all topics available only on the Samajho app: http://goo.gl/Z8vNkY

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Annual Frontiers Report named Noise, Blazes and Mismatches:

▪️Recently, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has released its Annual Frontiers Report named Noise, Blazes and Mismatches.
▪️The document has been released 10 days ahead of the UN Environment Assembly.
▪️The Frontiers report identifies and offers solutions to three environmental issues: urban noise pollution, wildfires and phenological shifts that merit attention and action from governments and the public at large to address the triple planetary crisis of climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss.

About United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP):

▪️The UNEP is a leading global environmental authority established on 5th June 1972.
▪️It works to identify and draw attention to emerging issues of environmental concern.
▪️Functions: It sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for global environment protection.
▪️Major Reports: Emission Gap Report, Adaptation Gap Report, Global Environment Outlook, Frontiers, Invest into Healthy Planet.
▪️Major Campaigns: Beat Pollution, UN75, World Environment Day, Wild for Life.
▪️Headquarters: Nairobi, Kenya.

What is the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA):

▪️It is the governing body of the UN Environment Programme.
▪️It is the world’s highest-level decision-making body on the environment.
▪️It meets biennially to set priorities for global environmental policies and develop international environmental law.
▪️It was created in June 2012, during the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, also referred to as RIO+20.

Key Highlights of the Report:

▪️Urban Noise Pollution:
- The unwanted, prolonged, and high-level sounds from road traffic, railways, or leisure activities, impair human health and well-being.
- Chronic annoyance and sleep disturbance caused by traffic can result in severe heart diseases and metabolic disorders with the very young, and mostly affect the elderly and marginalised communities near busy roads.
▪️Wildfires:
- The trends towards more dangerous fire-weather conditions are likely to increase due to rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gasses and the attendant escalation of wildfire risk factors.
- Climate change can prompt extreme wildfires, generating lightning that can ignite other fires, far beyond the fire front and creating a so-called hazardous feedback loop.
- Such extreme events are disastrous for human health and the environment.
- Wildfires have also become more common in the Savannah ecosystem, which has affected over one-fourth of species in the Savannah ecosystem.
- Wildfires are also responsible for air pollution.
- According to a global study published in September 2021, there is a link between the impact of wildfire-related pollution and human deaths
- Wildfires seldom spread to humid tropical forests in the past. But these forests are now more vulnerable due to deforestation and forest fragmentation.
▪️Phenological Shifts:
- Plants and animals in terrestrial, aquatic and marine ecosystems use temperature, day length or rainfall as cues for when to bear fruit, migrate or transform in other ways.
- However, climate change disrupts these natural rhythms as plants and animals are being pushed out of sync with their natural rhythms, leading to mismatches, such as when plants shift life cycle stages faster than herbivores.
- Phenology is the timing of recurring life cycle stages, driven by environmental forces, and how species interacting within an ecosystem respond to changing conditions.

This Question was asked in SPR+ Crash Course.
Join here: https://premium.samajho.com/purchase?product=20

All PDF available on the Samajho app.

Samajho's android app: https://bit.ly/3H9hva1

Samajho's ios app: https://apple.co/3H8ZJE2

Q. With reference to the Biodiversity, consider the following statements:

1. Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
2. Biodiversity is distributed evenly on the Earth.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is correct. Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth.

▪️Biodiversity is a measure of variation at
-the genetic (genetic variability),
- species (species diversity), and
-ecosystem (ecosystem diversity) level.

▪️Statement 2 is incorrect. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth, it is usually greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator.
-These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10% of earth's surface and contain about 90% of the world's species.
-Marine biodiversity is usually higher along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans.
-There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future as a primary result of deforestation. It encompasses the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life.

This Question was asked in SPR+ Crash Course.
Join here: https://premium.samajho.com/purchase?product=20

All PDF available on the Samajho app.

Samajho's android app: https://bit.ly/3H9hva1

Samajho's ios app: https://apple.co/3H8ZJE2

Q. With reference to the measurement of biodiversity, consider the following statements:

1. Species Richness represents the number of different species in a given habitat.
2. Species Evenness is the measure of relative abundance of different species in the area.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Species richness and species evenness are two different biodiversity indices, which influence and support the stability of an ecosystem.

▪️Statement 1 is correct. Species richness is defined as the number of different species present in a given area, region or in a particular ecosystem.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. Species evenness refers to the relative abundance of each species in a particular area and it is a measure of whether a particular ecosystem is numerically dominated by one species or is represented by a similar number of species. Species evenness compares the number of individuals between species to produce a relative abundance of each species.

This Question was asked in SPR+ Crash Course.
Join here: https://premium.samajho.com/purchase?product=20

All PDF available on the Samajho app.

Samajho's android app: https://bit.ly/3H9hva1

Samajho's ios app: https://apple.co/3H8ZJE2

Economy 21
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

Get Full Current Affairs for Prelims & Mains at Samajho's Corner: https://samajho.com/samajhos-corner/

PDF of all topics available only on the Samajho app: http://goo.gl/Z8vNkY

Economy 22
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

Get Full Current Affairs for Prelims & Mains at Samajho's Corner: https://samajho.com/samajhos-corner/

PDF of all topics available only on the Samajho app: http://goo.gl/Z8vNkY

Economy 23
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

Get Full Current Affairs for Prelims & Mains at Samajho's Corner: https://samajho.com/samajhos-corner/

PDF of all topics available only on the Samajho app: http://goo.gl/Z8vNkY

Q. With reference to the different indices of biodiversity measurement, consider the following statements:

1. Alpha Diversity refers to diversity of organisms sharing the same community.
2. Beta Diversity refers to the diversity among the different communities.
3. Gamma Diversity refers to the diversity of the habitats over the geographical area.