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Q. With reference to the Tuberculosis disease, consider the following statements:

1. It is an infectious disease caused by zoonotic virus - Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2. Bedaquiline is a crucial drug in the treatment of multidrug resistant TB patients for whom the first-line drug treatment has stopped working.
3. Tuberculosis is curable as well as preventable in the most of the cases.
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Which of the statements given above are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
1 and 2 only
57%
2 and 3 only
12%
1 and 3 only
24%
1, 2, 3
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#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Tuberculosis (TB):

▪️It is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
▪️It generally affects the lungs but can impact other parts of the body.
▪️TB is of two types:
- Latent TB:
It is when the infections do not show any symptoms which is the case most of the time.
- Active TB: It is when the infections show visible symptoms such as chronic cough with blood in mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
▪️TB is spread from person to person through the air which makes it highly contagious. But people with latent TB do not spread the disease.
▪️Bedaquiline is a crucial drug in the treatment of multidrug resistant TB patients for whom the first-line drug treatment has stopped working. Hence statement 2 is correct.
▪️Tuberculosis is curable as well as preventable in the most of the cases. Hence statement 3 is correct.
▪️More than 50% of cases being diagnosed were in seven countries: India (27%), China (9%), Indonesia (8%), the Philippines (6%), Pakistan (6%), Nigeria (4%), and Bangladesh (4%).
▪️India has the world’s highest tuberculosis (TB) burden, with an estimated 26 lakh people contracting the disease and approximately 4 lakh people dying from the disease every year.
▪️The WHO (World Health Organisation) has launched a joint initiative “Find. Treat. All. EndTB” with the Global Fund and Stop TB Partnership.
▪️WHO also releases the Global Tuberculosis Report.

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Q. Rahul is an Indian citizen by birth. After getting placed in an American multinational company, he applied for American citizenship. If his application for American citizenship is accepted, he will lose Indian citizenship under which of the following provisions of the Indian citizenship laws?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Anonymous Quiz
40%
Renunciation
40%
Termination
15%
Deprivation
5%
Naturalisation
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#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Loss of Citizenship:
▪️The Citizenship Act (1955) prescribes three ways of losing citizenshipwhether acquired under the Act or prior to it under the Constitution, viz, renunciation, termination and deprivation:

By Renunciation:
▪️Any citizen of India of full age and capacity can make a declaration renouncing his Indian citizenship. Upon the registration of that declaration, that person ceases to be a citizen of India. However, if such a declaration is made during a war in which India is engaged, its registration shall be withheld by the Central Government.
▪️Rahul does not renounced his citizenship.

By Termination:
▪️ When an Indian citizen voluntarily (consciously, knowingly and without duress, undue influence or compulsion) acquires the citizenship of another country, his Indian citizenship automatically terminates. This provision, however, does not apply during a war in which India is engaged.
▪️ This is the case for Rahul, if his application get accepted, his Indian Citizenship will be terminated automatically.

By Deprivation:
▪️It is a compulsory termination of Indian citizenship by the Central government, if:
- the citizen has obtained the citizenship by fraud:
- the citizen has shown disloyalty to the Constitution of India:
- the citizen has unlawfully traded or communicated with the enemy during a war;
- the citizen has, within five years after registration or naturalisation, been imprisoned in any country for two years; and
- the citizen has been ordinarily resident out of India for seven years continuously.

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The processes, High pressure, high temperature (HPHT) method and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), recently in the news, are related to which one of the following?
Anonymous Quiz
64%
Lab grown diamonds
26%
Sea water purification
8%
Lab grown meat
3%
Artificial intelligence
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#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Lab-Grown Diamonds (LGD):

▪️The Union Budget 2023–24 placed a strong emphasis on Research and Development (R&D) in order to make the Lab Grown Diamond (LGD) or synthetic diamond segment competitive in global markets and to fully realise its potential.

▪️LGD is a developing industry with significant job potential that is fueled by technology and innovation.
▪️Lab-grown diamonds are created using two different processes: high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD).

What Are High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) Diamonds?
▪️Natural diamond crystals were formed deep underground where conditions of extremely high pressure and high temperature were naturally found. That is why the first and the oldest technique to grow synthetic diamonds mimicked nature with high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).
▪️There are three techniques to grow HPHT diamonds: the belt press, the cubic press and the split-sphere press.
▪️The goal of each is to create an environment of high pressure and high temperature where diamond growth can occur (pressure over 1.5 million pounds per square inch and temperature above 1400 °C).
▪️Each process starts with a seed of a diamond material placed in carbon, the element all diamonds are made of and put under extremely high pressure and temperature. In these conditions, carbon melts and forms a diamond around the seed.
▪️HPHT diamonds often contain metal inclusions such as iron, nickel and cobalt because these metals are used during the growth process, and sometimes they enter the diamond crystal.

What Are Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) Diamonds?
▪️Created in the 1980s, Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) is a more recent diamond-growing technique during which a gemstone is grown from a hydrocarbon gas mixture, imitating how diamonds form in interstellar gas clouds.
▪️During the CVD process, a thin wafer of a diamond crystal is placed in a vacuum chamber and heated to 800 °C. Then the chamber is filled with a carbon-rich gas, such as methane, and gets ionized into plasma using lasers, microwaves or others. The ionization breaks the molecular bonds in the gas, and pure carbon gets deposited on the wafer of a diamond crystal (usually HPHT synthetic), growing a gemstone atom by atom, layer by layer.
▪️The CVD diamond growing process has a couple of advantages over the HPHT process. High pressure is not needed, and temperature, while high, does not need to be above 1400 °C, meaning this process is much less costly.
▪️The CVD method can produce colourless gems with no colour zoning. CVD diamonds never contain metal inclusions, but they often come with graphite or other mineral inclusions that are a result of their growth process.

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The Chitwan Declaration, recently in the news, is related to which one of the following?
Anonymous Quiz
42%
Asian Rhinos Conservation
21%
Asian Tiger Conservation
10%
Asian Lion Conservation
27%
Asian Cheetah Conservation
4
#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Chitwan Declaration:

▪️India, Bhutan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Nepal have explored joint actions and set future priorities for the conservation of the rhinos in Asia.
▪️This was decided at the 3rd Asian Rhino Range Countries Meeting held at Chitwan, Nepal from February 3-5.
▪️The countries have signed on Chitwan Declaration for Asian Rhinos Conservation which has agreed on collaboration focussing on six themes- protection, population management, habitat management, research monitoring and information sharing, coordination and cooperation.
▪️They have agreed to manage the populations of the Greater One‐Horned, Javan and Sumatran Rhinos with the intention of achieving at least a 3% annual growth rate in their populations through strategic actions.

Conservation in India:
▪️In line with the Chitwan Declaration, Bihar government has recently decided to increase its rhino population by 3% annually.
▪️It also decided to increase rhino-bearing areas in Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) by 5% in the next 2 years.
▪️Valmiki Tiger Reserve occupies a core area of 909.86 sq km of the Valmiki Sanctuary located in the West Champaran district of Bihar.
▪️It was established as the 18th Tiger reserve in 1990 and ranked 4th in the density of the tiger population.
▪️The Rivers Gandak and Masan flow through this area.

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The Sagar Parikrama Phase-III, recently in the news, is launched by which one of the following bodies?
Anonymous Quiz
28%
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying
22%
Ministry of Shipping
17%
Indian Navy
33%
Indian Coast Guard
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#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Sagar Parikrama Phase-III:

▪️Sagar Parikrama is an evolutionary journey envisaged in the sea across the coastal belt demonstrating solidarity with all fisherfolk, fish farmers and concerned stakeholder’s as a spirit of 75th Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav saluting our great freedom fighters, sailors, and fishers.

▪️It is an initiative of Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, and National Fisheries Development Board along with the other state departments, aiming to resolve the issues of the fishers and other stakeholders and facilitate their economic upliftment through various fisheries schemes and programs being implemented by the Government of India.

▪️During the event, certificates/sanctions related to Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada scheme, KCC& State Scheme shall be awarded to the progressive fishermen, especially coastal fishermen, fishers and fish farmers, young fishery entrepreneurs etc.

▪️Literature on PMMSY scheme, State schemes, e-shram, FIDF, KCC etc. shall be popularised through print media, electronic media, videos, digital campaign through jingles among fishers for wide publicity of schemes. A song on Sagar Parikrama in Marathi shall also be launched.

▪️The journey of Sagar Parikrama shall focus on the sustainable balance between the utilization of marine fisheries resources for the food security of the nation and livelihoods of coastal fisher communities and the protection of marine ecosystems, to bridge the gaps of fisher communities, and their expectations, development of fishing villages, upgradation and creation of infrastructure such as fishing harbours & landing centres to ensure sustainable and responsible development through an ecosystem approach.

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