Q. With reference to the ports in India, consider the following statements:

1. The Western coast of India is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours.
2. Due to being an emergent coast, the Eastern coast has less number of ports and harbours.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is correct. The western coastal plains are an example of submerged coastal plain. It is believed that the city of Dwaraka which was once a part of the Indian mainland situated along the west coast is submerged under water. Because of this submergence it is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN port Navha Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore, Cochin, etc. are some of the important natural ports located along the west coast.

▪️ Statement 2 is correct. As compared to the western coastal plain, the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an example of an emergent coast. There are well- developed deltas here, formed by the rivers flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal. These include the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Because of its emergent nature, it has less number of ports and harbours.

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Q. With reference to the islands of India, consider the following statements:

1. The entire island group in Bay of Bengal is built of coral deposits.
2. The Arabian sea island group is an elevated portion of the submarine mountains.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The entire group of Bay of Bengal island is divided into two broad categories – the Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. They are separated by a waterbody which is called the Ten degree channel. It is believed that these islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

▪️The entire island group (The islands of the Arabian sea include Lakshadweep and Minicoy) is built of coral deposits. Hence statement 2 is not correct.

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Q. With reference to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), consider the following statements:

1. The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
2. Like the other five principal organs of the United Nations, it is also located in the New York, USA.
3. So far, no Indian judge was elected to the bench of the ICJ.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

International Court of Justice (ICJ):

▪️The ICJ is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️Its seat is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Notably, it is the only UN principal organ not situated in New York. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
▪️The chief judicial organ of the UN, it is also sometimes known as the World Court.
▪️Established by the UN Charter in 1945, it began work in 1946 when it replaced the Permanent Court of International Justice which had functioned in the Peace Palace since 1922.
▪️All the 193 member states of the UN are automatically parties to the Court. Those nations that are not members of the UN may become parties to the Court’s statute with the help of the Article 93 procedure.
▪️The official languages of the ICJ are English and French.
▪️The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs vote simultaneously but separately.
▪️The 15 judges of the Court are distributed in following regions:
- Three from Africa.
- Two from Latin America and Caribbean.
- Three from Asia.
- Five from Western Europe and other states.
- Two from Eastern Europe.
▪️Indian Judges at the ICJ:
- Judge Dalveer Bhandari: Member of the Court since 27 April 2012
- Raghunandan Swarup Pathak: 1989-1991
Nagendra Singh: 1973-1988
- Sir Benegal Rau: 1952-1953 Hence statement 3 is not correct.

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Economy 10
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Economy 11
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Economy 12
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Q. With reference to the Tuberculosis disease, consider the following statements:

1. It is an infectious disease caused by zoonotic virus - Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2. Bedaquiline is a crucial drug in the treatment of multidrug resistant TB patients for whom the first-line drug treatment has stopped working.
3. Tuberculosis is curable as well as preventable in the most of the cases.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Tuberculosis (TB):

▪️It is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
▪️It generally affects the lungs but can impact other parts of the body.
▪️TB is of two types:
- Latent TB: It is when the infections do not show any symptoms which is the case most of the time.
- Active TB: It is when the infections show visible symptoms such as chronic cough with blood in mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
▪️TB is spread from person to person through the air which makes it highly contagious. But people with latent TB do not spread the disease.
▪️Bedaquiline is a crucial drug in the treatment of multidrug resistant TB patients for whom the first-line drug treatment has stopped working. Hence statement 2 is correct.
▪️Tuberculosis is curable as well as preventable in the most of the cases. Hence statement 3 is correct.
▪️More than 50% of cases being diagnosed were in seven countries: India (27%), China (9%), Indonesia (8%), the Philippines (6%), Pakistan (6%), Nigeria (4%), and Bangladesh (4%).
▪️India has the world’s highest tuberculosis (TB) burden, with an estimated 26 lakh people contracting the disease and approximately 4 lakh people dying from the disease every year.
▪️The WHO (World Health Organisation) has launched a joint initiative “Find. Treat. All. EndTB” with the Global Fund and Stop TB Partnership.
▪️WHO also releases the Global Tuberculosis Report.

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Q. Rahul is an Indian citizen by birth. After getting placed in an American multinational company, he applied for American citizenship. If his application for American citizenship is accepted, he will lose Indian citizenship under which of the following provisions of the Indian citizenship laws?

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Loss of Citizenship:
▪️The Citizenship Act (1955) prescribes three ways of losing citizenshipwhether acquired under the Act or prior to it under the Constitution, viz, renunciation, termination and deprivation:

By Renunciation:
▪️Any citizen of India of full age and capacity can make a declaration renouncing his Indian citizenship. Upon the registration of that declaration, that person ceases to be a citizen of India. However, if such a declaration is made during a war in which India is engaged, its registration shall be withheld by the Central Government.
▪️Rahul does not renounced his citizenship.

By Termination:
▪️ When an Indian citizen voluntarily (consciously, knowingly and without duress, undue influence or compulsion) acquires the citizenship of another country, his Indian citizenship automatically terminates. This provision, however, does not apply during a war in which India is engaged.
▪️ This is the case for Rahul, if his application get accepted, his Indian Citizenship will be terminated automatically.

By Deprivation:
▪️It is a compulsory termination of Indian citizenship by the Central government, if:
- the citizen has obtained the citizenship by fraud:
- the citizen has shown disloyalty to the Constitution of India:
- the citizen has unlawfully traded or communicated with the enemy during a war;
- the citizen has, within five years after registration or naturalisation, been imprisoned in any country for two years; and
- the citizen has been ordinarily resident out of India for seven years continuously.

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Economy 13
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Economy 14
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Economy 15
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