Q. With reference to provisions regarding bail in India, consider the following statements:

1. The definition of the word bail is given in the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC).
2. The CrPC empowers the magistrate to grant bail for bailable offences as a matter of right.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️At present the Criminal Jurisprudence in India is governed by two main laws:

1. The Indian Penal Code (IPC), is the official criminal code of India. It was drafted in 1860 by Lord Macaulay.
2. The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) of 1974, is the main law on the procedure for the administration of criminal law in India.

▪️Statement 1 is not correct. The definition of the word bail is not given in the CrPC. It only categorises offences given in the IPC as bailable or non-bailable.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. The CrPC empowers the magistrate to grant bail for bailable offences as a matter of right. That is, the Magistrate need not check the merits of the case to decide on the bail application. For non-bailable offences, a magistrate decides bail application on the merits of the case. Here it is not a matter of right.

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Q. Consider the following statements.

1. The temple complex is known as the “Khajuraho of Vidarbha”.
2. The temples belongs to nagara style of temple architecture.
3. The temples belong to saiva, vaishnava and sakta faith.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Known as the “Khajuraho of Vidarbha”, the Markandeshwar temple complex is situated on the bank of River Wainganga in district Gadchiroli of Maharashtra.
▪️The temples belong to the Nagara group of temples of North India.
▪️On stylistic grounds, their date ranges in between 9-12th centuries CE.
▪️The temples belong to saiva, vaishnava and sakta faith. Most of the temples have a simple plan, with ardhamandapa, mandapa, antaralaand garbhagriha forming the component of the entire set up.

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Q.With reference to the Coastal Plains of India, consider the following statements:

1. The Western coastal plains are an example of an submerged coast.
2. The Eastern coastal plain is an example of an emergent coast.
3. Western coasts are broader as compared to the narrow eastern coasts.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The western coastal plains are an example of submerged coastal plain. It is believed that the city of Dwaraka which was once a part of the Indian mainland situated along the west coast is submerged under water. Hence statement 1 is correct.

▪️As compared to the western coastal plain, the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an example of an emergent coast. Hence statement 2 is correct.

▪️Because of this submergence of western coastal plain its like a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

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Q. With reference to the ports in India, consider the following statements:

1. The Western coast of India is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours.
2. Due to being an emergent coast, the Eastern coast has less number of ports and harbours.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is correct. The western coastal plains are an example of submerged coastal plain. It is believed that the city of Dwaraka which was once a part of the Indian mainland situated along the west coast is submerged under water. Because of this submergence it is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN port Navha Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore, Cochin, etc. are some of the important natural ports located along the west coast.

▪️ Statement 2 is correct. As compared to the western coastal plain, the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an example of an emergent coast. There are well- developed deltas here, formed by the rivers flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal. These include the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Because of its emergent nature, it has less number of ports and harbours.

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Q. With reference to the islands of India, consider the following statements:

1. The entire island group in Bay of Bengal is built of coral deposits.
2. The Arabian sea island group is an elevated portion of the submarine mountains.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The entire group of Bay of Bengal island is divided into two broad categories – the Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. They are separated by a waterbody which is called the Ten degree channel. It is believed that these islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

▪️The entire island group (The islands of the Arabian sea include Lakshadweep and Minicoy) is built of coral deposits. Hence statement 2 is not correct.

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Q. With reference to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), consider the following statements:

1. The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
2. Like the other five principal organs of the United Nations, it is also located in the New York, USA.
3. So far, no Indian judge was elected to the bench of the ICJ.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

International Court of Justice (ICJ):

▪️The ICJ is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️Its seat is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Notably, it is the only UN principal organ not situated in New York. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
▪️The chief judicial organ of the UN, it is also sometimes known as the World Court.
▪️Established by the UN Charter in 1945, it began work in 1946 when it replaced the Permanent Court of International Justice which had functioned in the Peace Palace since 1922.
▪️All the 193 member states of the UN are automatically parties to the Court. Those nations that are not members of the UN may become parties to the Court’s statute with the help of the Article 93 procedure.
▪️The official languages of the ICJ are English and French.
▪️The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs vote simultaneously but separately.
▪️The 15 judges of the Court are distributed in following regions:
- Three from Africa.
- Two from Latin America and Caribbean.
- Three from Asia.
- Five from Western Europe and other states.
- Two from Eastern Europe.
▪️Indian Judges at the ICJ:
- Judge Dalveer Bhandari: Member of the Court since 27 April 2012
- Raghunandan Swarup Pathak: 1989-1991
Nagendra Singh: 1973-1988
- Sir Benegal Rau: 1952-1953 Hence statement 3 is not correct.

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Economy 10
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