#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Denotified and Nomadic Tribes:

▪️Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment launched the Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs (SEED).
▪️It is for the welfare of De-notified, Nomadic and Semi Nomadic tribes.
▪️De-notified Tribes (DNTs), Nomadic Tribes (NTs), Semi Nomadic Tribes (SNTs) are the one of the most deprived and economically weaker communities in India.
▪️During British rule, they were branded as criminals under various colonial acts like Criminal Tribes Act, 1871.
▪️Even after the Independence, they did not benefit much from the planned development, as they were deprived of government support like the SCs/STs.
▪️In 2008, the Renke Commission was set up to identify and list DNT communities.
▪️In 2015, Idate commission was constituted. It was tasked to identify these communities and evaluate the progress of their development in the states.


▪️National Education Commission, popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India in 1964, to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India, to evolve a general pattern of education and to advise guidelines and policies for the development of education in India.

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Q. Consider the following statements regarding Biofuels:

1. First-generation biofuels are produced from non-food crops, such as cellulosic biofuels and waste biomass
2. Second-generation biofuels refer to fuels that have been derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil.
3. Third generation biofuels are produced from specially engineered energy crops such as algae.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is incorrect: First-generation biofuels: It refers to the fuels that have been derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil.

▪️Statement 2 is incorrect: Second-generation biofuels – These are produced from non-food crops, such as cellulosic biofuels and waste biomass (stalks of wheat and corn, and wood). Examples include advanced biofuels like biohydrogen, bioethanol.

▪️Statement 3 is correct: Third generation biofuels – These are produced from specially engineered energy crops such as algae.

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Air India Aircraft Deal and its Significance

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Q. Consider the following statements regarding Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):

1. The polluted water has less BOD than cleaner water.
2. It is a measure of chemical and organic pollutants.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is not correct: The amount of oxygen required by bacteria to break down the organic matter present in a certain volume of a sample of water is called Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD).
▪️The amount of BOD in the water is a measure of the amount of organic material in the water, in terms of how much oxygen will be required to break it down biologically. Clean water would have a BOD value of less than 5 ppm whereas highly polluted water could have a BOD value of 17 ppm or more.

▪️Statement 2 is not correct: Many inorganic chemical pollutants that include heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, nickel etc are water-soluble and constitute an important class of pollutants. The
▪️Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BoD) is the measure of the oxygen needed to break down the organic matter and not the chemical/inorganic matter. Therefore, Chemical pollutants are not included in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BoD).

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Geography 7
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Geography 8
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Geography 9
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Q. How the Constitution of India ensures equality of all religions?

1. The government does not levy fees on religious endowments.
2. The State does not discriminate on the basis of religion in giving employment.
3. The State cannot interfere in religious matters of the people.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is incorrect. In order to ensure equality of all religions, Government does not levy tax on the religious endowment. However, it levies fee, as levying a fee is not prohibited. Fee is used to control the secular administration and not to promote any religion.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. Under the fundamental right of right to equality, Article 16 clearly guarantees that the Government will not discriminate on the basis of religion in giving employment .

▪️Statement 3 is incorrect. Freedom of religion is subject to certain limitations. The government can impose restrictions on the practice of freedom of religion in order to protect public order, morality and health. This means that the freedom of religion is not an unlimited right. The government can interfere in religious matters for rooting out certain social evils. For example, in the past, the government has taken steps banning practices like sati, bigamy or human sacrifice.

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Q. With reference to the Tribes Advisory Council, consider the following statements:

1. They can be established in all states having scheduled areas.
2. At most two-thirds of the members of the council are to be the representatives of the scheduled tribes in the state legislative assembly.
3. The Governor can direct the establishment of the council in any state having Scheduled Tribes.
4. The President makes rules regarding the number of members of the council and mode of their appointment.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is correct. The fifth Schedule provides for the establishment of a Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) in each state having scheduled areas. It shall be the duty of the Tribes Advisory Council to advise on such matters pertaining to the welfare and advancement of the Scheduled Tribes in the State as may be referred to them by the Governor.

▪️Statement 2 is incorrect. The Tribes Advisory Council is to consist of 20 members, three-fourths (and not two-thirds) of whom are to be the representatives of the scheduled tribes in the state legislative assembly. If the number of representatives of the STs in the Legislative Assembly of the State is less than the number of seats in the TAC to be filled by such representatives, the remaining seats shall be filled by other members of those Tribes.

▪️Statement 3 is incorrect. The President (and not the Governor) can establish a TAC in a State having Scheduled tribes but not Scheduled Areas therein. The TAC established will consist of not more than twenty members of whom, three-fourths shall be the representatives of the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly of the State.

▪️Statement 4 is incorrect. The Governor (and not the President) may make rules prescribing or regulating the number of members of the Council, the mode of their appointment and the appointment of the Chairman of the Council and of the officers and servants thereof, the conduct of its meetings and its procedure in general; and all other incidental matters.

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