#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is incorrect. Extended Fund Facility is a fund created by International monetary fund (IMF) and (not the World Bank) for helping economies to address serious medium-term balance of payments problems.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. The special drawing rights (SDR) is an international reserve asset, created by the International monetary fund (IMF) in 1969 to supplement its member countries’ official reserves, and help countries meet Balance of Payment problem.
▪️SDRs can be exchanged for freely usable currencies. The value of the SDR is based on a basket of five major currencies – the US dollar, the euro, the Chinese renminbi (RMB), the Japanese yen, and the British pound sterling.

▪️Statement 3 is incorrect. The SDR is neither a currency, nor a claim on the IMF. Rather, it is a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members. Holders of SDRs can obtain these currencies in exchange for their SDRs in two ways
▪️Through the arrangement of voluntary exchanges between members.
▪️By the IMF, designates members with strong external positions, to purchase SDRs from members with weak external positions.

▪️Statement 4 is correct. Reserve tranche position (gold tranche) is the proportion of the required quota of currency that each IMF member country must provide to the IMF. Part of the quota can be withdrawn from the IMF without any interest during critical situations of a country such as the Balance of Payment (BOP) crises.

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Q. Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order:

1. Passing of Arms Act.
2. Ilbert bill controversy.
3. Formation of Indian National Association.
4. The first Delhi Durbar.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Indian national association was formed in 1876 by Surendra Nath Bannerji and Anand Mohan Bose as they were getting discontented with the pro-landlord policies of the British Indian Association. It was formed to unify Indian people in a common political programme.

▪️The first Delhi Durbar was held in the year of 1877. Here decision was taken about the creation of privy council.

▪️The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms. In the same year the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government.

▪️In 1883, there was an outcry over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill. The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country

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Geography 4
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Geography 5
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Geography 6
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

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Q. Which of the following Commissions have been set up to look into the issues of Denotified and Nomadic Tribes:

1. Idate Commission
2. Kothari Commission
3. Renke Commission

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Denotified and Nomadic Tribes:

▪️Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment launched the Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs (SEED).
▪️It is for the welfare of De-notified, Nomadic and Semi Nomadic tribes.
▪️De-notified Tribes (DNTs), Nomadic Tribes (NTs), Semi Nomadic Tribes (SNTs) are the one of the most deprived and economically weaker communities in India.
▪️During British rule, they were branded as criminals under various colonial acts like Criminal Tribes Act, 1871.
▪️Even after the Independence, they did not benefit much from the planned development, as they were deprived of government support like the SCs/STs.
▪️In 2008, the Renke Commission was set up to identify and list DNT communities.
▪️In 2015, Idate commission was constituted. It was tasked to identify these communities and evaluate the progress of their development in the states.


▪️National Education Commission, popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India in 1964, to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India, to evolve a general pattern of education and to advise guidelines and policies for the development of education in India.

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Q. Consider the following statements regarding Biofuels:

1. First-generation biofuels are produced from non-food crops, such as cellulosic biofuels and waste biomass
2. Second-generation biofuels refer to fuels that have been derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil.
3. Third generation biofuels are produced from specially engineered energy crops such as algae.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is incorrect: First-generation biofuels: It refers to the fuels that have been derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil.

▪️Statement 2 is incorrect: Second-generation biofuels – These are produced from non-food crops, such as cellulosic biofuels and waste biomass (stalks of wheat and corn, and wood). Examples include advanced biofuels like biohydrogen, bioethanol.

▪️Statement 3 is correct: Third generation biofuels – These are produced from specially engineered energy crops such as algae.

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https://samajho.com/upsc/air-india-aircraft-deal-and-its-significance/

Air India Aircraft Deal and its Significance

https://samajho.com/upsc/telegram-editorial-compilation-february-2023/

Telegram Editorial Compilation: February 2023

https://samajho.com/upsc/yojana-magazine-february-2023-youth-and-sports/

Yojana Magazine: February 2023 | Youth and Sports

Q. Consider the following statements regarding Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):

1. The polluted water has less BOD than cleaner water.
2. It is a measure of chemical and organic pollutants.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is not correct: The amount of oxygen required by bacteria to break down the organic matter present in a certain volume of a sample of water is called Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD).
▪️The amount of BOD in the water is a measure of the amount of organic material in the water, in terms of how much oxygen will be required to break it down biologically. Clean water would have a BOD value of less than 5 ppm whereas highly polluted water could have a BOD value of 17 ppm or more.

▪️Statement 2 is not correct: Many inorganic chemical pollutants that include heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, nickel etc are water-soluble and constitute an important class of pollutants. The
▪️Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BoD) is the measure of the oxygen needed to break down the organic matter and not the chemical/inorganic matter. Therefore, Chemical pollutants are not included in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BoD).

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Geography 7
#Prelims #Revision #Samajho #SPR+

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