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▪️Statement 1 is incorrect: The polar vortex is a large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth’s North and South poles. The term vortex refers to the counterclockwise flow of air that helps keep the colder air close to the poles.

▪️Statement 2 is correct: The polar vortex spins in the stratosphere, a layer of the atmosphere 10-48 km above the ground and above the troposphere, where most familiar weather patterns develop.

▪️Statement 3 is correct: Often during winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the polar vortex will become less stable and expand, sending cold Arctic air southward over the United States.

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Q. With reference to the World Bank & International Monetary Fund (IMF), consider the following statements:

1. While IMF aims at the expansion of international trade, the aim of World Bank is to reduce global poverty.
2. It is mandatory to be a member of World Bank to become eligible for loans by IMF.
3. While IMF lends to both member countries and private sector, World Bank only lends to the member countries.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is correct. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) primarily aims to ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries and their citizens to transact with each other.

▪️It aims to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade. On the contrary, the World Bank Group primarily aims at reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development. It provides financing, policy advice, and technical assistance to governments, and also focuses on strengthening the private sector in developing countries.

▪️Statement 2 is incorrect. To become a member of the World Bank, under the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) Articles of Agreement, a country must first join the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and not vice-versa.

▪️Statement 3 is incorrect. IMF loans are meant to help only member countries tackle balance of- payments problems, stabilize their economies, and restore sustainable economic growth. On the contrary, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) of the World Banks lends to the private sector while Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) encourages private companies to invest in foreign countries.

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Q. Which of the following statements is/are true about the revolutionary activities that took place in Maharashtra?

1. Vasudev Balwant Phadke organised the Ramosi peasant force to overthrow the British government in India.
2. Chaphekar brothers were inspired by the work of ‘Mitramela’.
3. Anant Laxman Kanhere assassinated Justice Jackson of Nasik court for awarding life imprisonment to Ganesh Savarkar.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The Revolutionaries movements of the Indian national Movement are comprised of the actions of the underground revolutionary factions. The groups of revolutionaries’ movements were mainly active in Bengal, Maharashtra, the United Provinces and Punjab.

▪️Statement 1 is correct. The first of the revolutionary activities in Maharashtra was the organisation of the Ramosi Peasant Force by Vasudev Balwant Phadke in 1879, which aimed to rid the country of the British by instigating an armed revolt by disrupting communication lines. It hoped to raise funds for its activities through dacoities. It was suppressed prematurely.

▪️Statement 2 is incorrect. V.D. Savarkar established "Mitramela" in 1900 at Nasik, while Chapekar brothers killed Rand in 1897. It was Savarkar who got encouraged by the sacrifice of Chapekar brothers and established Mitramela.

▪️Statement 3 is correct. In 1908 the Police acquired objectionable documents at Savarkar's home against British government. On the basis of the documents Ganesh Savarkar was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment by Justice Jackson. This led the revolutionaries of Abhinav Bharat Society to plan killing of Justice Jackson of Nasik court. As per the plan the 17 years revolutionary - Anant Laxman Kanhere fired bullet on Jackson on 21 Dec. 1909 and killed him.

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Q. With reference to the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), consider the following statements:

1. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme launched in December 1993.
2. The entire process of fund flow is now operated through the web portal.
3. Each year, MPs receive Rs. 5 crores in two instalments of Rs. 2.5 crore each.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS):

▪️Recently, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the Revised Guidelines on Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS)-2023.

▪️The objective of the MPLAD Scheme is to enable the Members of Parliament (MPs) to recommend works of developmental nature with emphasis on the creation of durable community assets based on locally felt needs.

▪️The revised set of guidelines aims to broaden the scope of the Scheme so as to enable the MPs to recommend developmental works as per the changing needs of the community; with an emphasis on improving the functioning, implementation and monitoring of the MPLAD scheme.

▪️ The entire process of fund flow under the revised guidelines will operate through the web portal, which will facilitate real-time monitoring, greater transparency and accountability in the system, and improved efficiency and effectiveness of the MPLAD Scheme. Hence statement 2 is correct.

More on the MPLADS:
▪️It is a Central Sector Scheme formulated by the Government of India on 23 December 1993 that enables the members of parliaments (MP) to recommend developmental work in their constituencies with an emphasis on creating durable community assets based on locally felt needs. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

▪️Each year, MPs receive Rs. 5 crores in two instalments of Rs. 2.5 crore each. Funds under MPLADS are non-lapsable. Hence statement 3 is correct.

▪️Lok Sabha MPs have to recommend the district authorities projects in their Lok Sabha constituencies, while Rajya Sabha MPs have to spend it in the state that has elected them to the House.

▪️Nominated Members of both the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha can recommend works anywhere in the country.

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Q. With reference to the National Cadet Corps (NCC), consider the following statements:

1. It was established in 1948 as an Indian military cadet corps.
2. It is a tri-services organisation open to school and college students.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The National Cadet Corps (NCC) was established in 1948 as an Indian military cadet corps. Hence statement 1 is correct.

▪️It is a tri-services organisation open to school and college students. It has completed 73 years of its existence. Hence statement 2 is correct.

▪️The NCC strives to provide the youth of the country opportunities for all-round development with a sense of commitment, dedication, self-discipline and moral values, so that they become responsible citizens and can take their place in all walks of life in the service of the nation.

▪️The motto of NCC is “Unity and Discipline”.

▪️The total sanctioned strength of NCC cadets is 17 lakh, which includes one lakh cadets sanctioned for expansion of NCC to coastal and border talukas as announced by the Hon’ble Prime Minister in his Independence Day speech in 2020.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. The G20 was formed in 1999, as a forum of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, in recognition of the fact that there was a major shift in the global economic weight from the advanced economies to emerging market economies (EMEs).
2. The New Development Bank was established by the BRICS in 2015.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The G20 was formed in 1999, as a forum of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, in recognition of the fact that there was a major shift in the global economic weight from the advanced economies to emerging market economies (EMEs). Hence statement 1 is correct.
- The gradually declining role of G8 as world’s economic coordinator and the increasing clout of EMEs in global deliberations on economic governance resulted in G-20 replacing G-8 in 1999.
- However, G20 rose into true prominence in 2008 when it was elevated from a forum of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to that of the G20 Heads of Nations in order to effectively respond to the global financial crisis of 2007-2010.

▪️The BRICS nations or Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa form the five key pillars of south-south cooperation and are the representative voice of emerging markets and developing countries in the global forums such as the G20.
- The New Development Bank, established by these nations in 2015, marked its first imprints in India by signing a loan agreement for financing of the major district road project in Madhya Pradesh in March 2017. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- India is working closely with the Bank’s management team to develop a robust pipeline of projects cutting across areas such as Smart Cities, renewable energy, urban transport, clean coal technology, solid waste management and urban water supply.
- The framework of swap lines, conceived as a BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) with a corpus of USD 100 billion, stands operationalised in case any member nation requires short-term liquidity support.

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Q. With reference to the Europe, consider the following statements:

1. Euro is a common currency in all of European Union (EU) member countries.
2. The Schengen Area, in the Europe, signifies a zone where European countries abolished their internal borders for the free and unrestricted movement of people.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

European Union:

▪️The European Union is a group of 27 countries that operate as a cohesive economic and political block.
▪️19 of these countries use EURO as their official currency. 8 EU members (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Sweden) do not use the euro. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
▪️The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in matters, where members have agreed to act as one.

Schengen Area or Zone:

▪️The Schengen Area is an area that comprises 26 European countries that have abolished all passports and border control at their respective mutual borders. Hence statement 2 is correct.
▪️The name of this area comes from the 1985 Schengen Agreement that was signed in Schengen, Luxembourg.
▪️This region serves as a single jurisdiction for international travel, with a unified visa policy.
Of the European Union’s 27-member states, 22 take part in the Schengen Area.

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Q. With reference to the Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRT), consider the following statements:

1. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 provides for the formation of DRTs.
2. DRTs also hears cases filed under The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act,2002.