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Acharya Vinoba Bhave:

▪️Vinayak Narahari also known as Vinoba Bhave (11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982) was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights.
▪️Often called Acharya, he is best known for the Bhoodan Movement.
▪️He is considered as National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi.
▪️He was an eminent philosopher. The Gita has been translated into Marathi language by him with the title Geetai (meaning 'Mother Gīta' in Marathi).
▪️Acharya Vinoba Bhave was a nonviolence activist, freedom activist, social reformer and spiritual teacher.
▪️Vinoba met Gandhi on 7th June 1916 and took residence at the Ashram. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Role in Freedom Struggle:
▪️Under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi, Vinoba also got involved in the Indian freedom struggle.
▪️He took part in programs of non-cooperation and especially the call for use of Swadeshi goods instead of foreign imports.
▪️He took up the spinning wheel churning out Khadi and urged others to do so, resulting in mass production of the fabric.
▪️Till 1940, Vinoba Bhave was known only to the people around him. Mahatma Gandhi, on 5 October, 1940, introduced Bhave to the nation by issuing a statement.
▪️He was also chosen as the first Individual Satyagrahi (an Individual standing up for Truth instead of a collective action) by Gandhi himself. Hence statement 1 is correct.

Social Work:
▪️Vinoba Bhave worked tirelessly towards eradicating social evils like inequality.
▪️He adopted the term Sarvodaya from Gandhi which simply means “Progress for All”.
▪️The Sarvodaya movement under him implemented various programs during the 1950s, the chief among which is the Bhoodan Movement (1951). Hence statement 2 is correct.

Bhoodan Movement:
▪️In 1951, Vinoba Bhave started his peace-trek on foot through the violence-torn region of Telangana.
▪️On April 18, 1951, the Harijans of the Pochampalli village requested him to provide them with around 80 acres of land to make a living.
▪️Vinoba asked the landlords of the village to come forward and save the Harijans. To everybody's surprise, a landlord got up and offered the required land.
▪️This incident added a new chapter in the history of sacrifices and non-violence. It was the beginning of the Bhoodan (Gift of the Land) movement.
▪️The movement continued for thirteen years and Vinoba toured the length and breadth of the country, a total distance of 58741 Km.
▪️He was successful in collecting around 4.4 million acres of land, of which around 1.3 million was distributed among poor landless farmers.

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Q. With reference to impact of British policies on the Indian people, consider the following statements:

1. The money lender was greatly helped by the new legal system and the new revenue policy.
2. The pressure on agriculture was increased immensely.

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Not correct statements are asked.

Impacts of British Policies:

▪️The economic policies followed by the British led to the rapid transformation of Indian’s economy into a colonial economy whose nature and structure were determined by the needs of the British economy that totally disrupted the traditional structure of the Indian economy.
▪️There was a sudden and quick collapse of the urban handicrafts, which had for centuries made India’s name a byword in the markets of the entire civilized world.
▪️Indian goods made with primitive techniques could not compete with goods produced on a mass scale by powerful steam-operated machines.
▪️The development of railways enabled British manufactures to reach and uproot the traditional industries in the remotest villages of the country.
▪️The money lender was greatly helped by the new legal system and the new revenue policy. Earlier they had to maintain their image in the village. Thus their mischiefs were limited. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️Due to disbandment of local armies and ruin of handicraft industries created huge pool of unemployed Indians. Thus pressure on agriculture was increased immensely. Hence statement 2 is correct.

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Q. With reference to the Indian National Movement, consider the following statements:

1. The East India Association was founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose to create a strong public opinion on political questions.
2. The Indian National Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji to influence public opinion in England to promote Indian welfare.

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▪️The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

▪️The Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. The objectives of this Association were "promoting by every legitimate means the political, intellectual and material advancement of the people". Hence statement 2 is not correct.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. The Gandhi Peace Prize was started in the year 1995.
2. It is open to all persons regardless of nationality, race, creed or sex.

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Gandhi Peace Prize:

▪️Gandhi peace prize was named after Mahatma Gandhi and it is awarded annually by the government of India.
▪️The international Gandhi peace prize was launched in 1995 on the 125th birth anniversary of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as a tribute. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️The Gandhi peace prize is awarded to groups, organizations, institutes, or individuals for their contribution to the society towards economic growth, social growth, and political transformation through non-violence and Gandhian methods.
▪️The word consists of 1 crore rupee cash which is convertible in any currency in the world, a plaque, and a citation.
▪️It is an international award therefore it is open to all regardless of gender race and nationality. Hence statement 2 is correct.
▪️The first recipient of the international Gandhi peace prize was Julius Nyerere in the year 1995. He was a Tanzanian politician who served as the leader of Tanzania and Tanganyika from 1960 to 1985.

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https://samajho.com/upsc/chilling-effect-the-issue-of-criminal-defamation-in-india-25th-march-2023-upsc-daily-editorial-analysis/

Chilling effect - the issue of criminal defamation in India | 25th March 2023 | UPSC Daily Editorial Analysis

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Exam Warriors by PM Narendra Modi:

▪️Exam Warriors is a book by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, published in 2018.
▪️Exam Warriors is written for young students to help them deal with the stress of exams.
▪️It is available in 13 languages as follows, Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Assamese, Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi, Urdu & Bengali.

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Q. With reference to the Economic Geography, consider the following statements:

1. Hydroponics is a type of a soilless agriculture.
2. The combination of different crops on the same piece of land is called as mixed farming.
3. In plantation agriculture, trees or bushes are planted on huge estates.

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▪️Soilless Agriculture generally refers to any method of growing plants without soil as a rooting medium. Hydroponics is one of the type of soilless agriculture. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in a water-based, nutrient-rich solution.
▪️In this method, the root system is supported using an inert medium such as perlite, clay pellets, peat moss or vermiculite.

▪️Planting different crops on the same land simultaneously is called mixed cropping.

▪️The cultivation of crops alongside the rearing of animals for meat or eggs or milk defines mixed farming. For example, a mixed farm may grow cereal crops such as wheat or rye and also keep cattle, sheep, pigs or poultry. Often the dung from the cattle serves to fertilize the cereal crops. Hence statement 2 is not correct.

▪️Plantation farming is the practice of clearing a large parcel of forest land and planting the desired crops in huge numbers on the cleared land. This type of farming helps in increasing the production of the desired produce and makes it easier to control the cultivation. Hence statement 3 is correct.

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Q. With reference to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), consider the following statements:

1. The first woman to become the deputy governor of RBI is K. J. Udeshi.
2. RBI was established on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission.
3. Former PM Manmohan Singh is the only Prime Minister to have also served as the Governor of RBI.
4. The RBI logo was inspired from the logo of American Federal Bank.

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Some facts about Reserve Bank of India (RBI):

▪️The RBI logo was inspired from the East India Company Double Mohur. Hence statement 4 is not correct.
▪️It was formed on April 1, 1935 as a private entity, but is a government entity now. Nationalization of the central bank did not happen till 1949.
▪️RBI is responsible only for printing the currency notes. Minting of coins is done by the Government of India.
▪️The first woman to become the deputy governor of RBI is K. J. Udeshi. She was appointed in 2003. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️RBI was also the central bank for two other countries. It played the role of Central Bank of Pakistan till June 1948 and the Central Bank of Burma ( Myanmar) till April 1947.
▪️The bank was established on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission. Hence statement 2 is correct.
▪️Manmohan Singh is the only Prime Minister to have also served as the Governor of RBI. Hence statement 3 is correct.
▪️The first Indian to hold the position of the Governor of RBI was Mr. C.D. Deshmukh. He was the third governor of RBI.

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Q. With reference to the Press Information Bureau (PIB), consider the following statements:

1. PIB functions as an interface between the Government and the media.
2. PIB has its Headquarters in New Delhi.
3. PIB also provides accreditation to media representatives.