#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Smiling Sun:

▪️The NASA shared an image of the sun seemingly ‘smiling’.
▪️Captured by the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory, the image has dark patches on the sun’s surface resembling eyes and a smile.
▪️NASA explained that the patches are called coronal holes, which can be seen in ultraviolet light but are typically invisible to our eyes.

▪️What are coronal holes?
- These are regions on the sun’s surface from where fast solar wind gushes out into space.
- Because they contain little solar material, they have lower temperatures and thus appear much darker than their surroundings.
- Here, the magnetic field is open to interplanetary space, sending solar material out in a high-speed stream of solar wind.
- Coronal holes can last between a few weeks to months.
- The holes are not a unique phenomenon, appearing throughout the sun’s approximately 11-year solar cycle.
- They can last much longer during solar minimum – a period of time when activity on the Sun is substantially diminished, according to NASA.

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Q. With reference to the developments in space sector, consider the following statements:

1. Falcon Heavy Rocket, which belong to the NASA, is the most powerful space rocket at present.
2. The Vikram-S is India’s first privately manufactured space rocket.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is not correct. It is true that, at present, the Falcon Heavy Rocket is the most powerful space rocket, but it does not belong to NASA. It is designed, developed and operated by SpaceX, a private space firm of the USA.
▪️Falcon Heavy has 27 Merlin engines which together generate more than five million pounds of thrust at lift-off, equaling around eighteen 747 aircraft at full power which makes it the most capable rocket flying.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. Hyderabad-based space firm Skyroot Aerospace is going to launch Vikram-S, India’s first privately manufactured rocket.
▪️It is being launched as part of Skyroot Aerospace’s first mission “Prarambh”.
▪️It is a single-stage sub-orbital launch vehicle that will carry three client payloads and assist test and verifying most of the technology in the Vikram family of space launch vehicles.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. India is a founding member of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) which was established in 1966.
2. India started borrowing from ADB in 1986.
3. India holds less than 5% shares in the ADB.

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Asian Development Bank (ADB):

▪️ADB, established in 1966 is owned by 68 members-49 from the region.
▪️A founding member of ADB in 1966, India is now ADB's fourth largest shareholder and its top borrower since 2010. Hence statement 1 is correct.

▪️It is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty.
▪️Further, it assists members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants, and equity investments to promote social and economic development.
▪️It aims to promote social and economic development in Asia and the Pacific.

▪️As of 31st December 2019, ADB’s five largest shareholders are
- Japan and the United States (each with 15.6% of total shares)
- the People’s Republic of China (6.4%)
- India (6.3%) Hence statement 3 is not correct.
- Australia (5.8%)

▪️It is headquartered in Manila, Philippines.

▪️Since its first loan to India in 1986, ADB has contributed to the country’s transformation through support in areas including infrastructure development, finance sector reform, agriculture and clean energy. Hence statement 2 is correct.

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Q. With reference to the Indian Financial Sector, consider the following statements:

1. The committee on Insurance Sector Reforms was set up in 1993 under the chairmanship of RN Malhotra.
3. The enactment of the IRDA Act in 1999 led to the opening of the insurance sector to private participation.
3. The LIC offers services in foreign countries too.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

R.N. Malhotra Committee:

▪️A committee was set up in 1993 under the chairmanship of R.N. Malhotra, former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, to make recommendations for reforms in the insurance sector. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️The Malhotra Committee recommended the introduction of a concept of professionalization in the insurance sector to make out a strong case for paving the way for foreign capital
▪️In its report submitted in 1994, the committee recommended, among other things, that:
▪️Private players are included in the insurance sector.
▪️Foreign companies are allowed to enter the insurance sector, preferably through joint ventures with Indian partners.
▪️The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) be constituted as an autonomous body to regulate and develop the insurance sector.
▪️The key objectives of the IRDA would include promotion of competition so as to enhance customer satisfaction through increased consumer choice and lower premiums while ensuring the financial security of the insurance market.

▪️As a result the enactment of IRDA Act in 1999 led to opening of insurance sector to private participation. Hence statement 2 is correct.

▪️Statement 3 is correct. LIC does offer services outside of India too.
- LIC (International) BSC (C) came into existence on the 20th of July, 1989 in the Kingdom of Bahrain in partnership with International Agencies Co. Ltd. (Intercol), with the objective of providing life insurance cover to the Indian Diaspora in GCC countries.
-The journey of LIC (International) BSC (C) in the past 32 years is an exemplary story of sharing and fulfilling dreams and prosperity of thousands of NRIs.
-The Company operates in 4 GCC countries: Bahrain, UAE (Dubai and Abu Dhabi), Kuwait and Oman.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Dadabhai Nauroji wrote Unbritish Rule in India and the Economic History of India.
2. Thus he has given the concept of the Drain of Wealth.
3.The economic critique of British Rule was the significant achievement of the Moderates.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Poverty and Un-British Rule in India was published in 1901. In this book, Dadabhai Naoroji highlighted that British economic policies extracted wealth from India to finance Britain's industries. This theory is popularly known as the 'Drain of Wealth'. Hence statement 2 is correct.

▪️R.C. Dutt is the Author of the Book "Economic History of India." Hence statement 1 is not correct.

▪️Moderate were the first in the 19th century to develop an economic critique of colonialism to the development of the national movement in India. They understood that British imperialism was leading to subordination of Indian economy by British economy. They agitated against the British policies that aimed to turn India into supplier of raw materials and consumer of British manufactured goods. Hence statement 3 is correct.

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Q. With reference to the Economic Survey, consider the following statements:

1. The Economic Survey is a detailed report of the state of the national economy in the financial year that is coming to a close.
2. It is prepared by the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) under the guidance of the Finance Minister.
3. Once prepared, the Survey is approved by the Chief Economic Advisor (CEA).

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Economic Survey:

▪️As the name suggests, the Economic Survey is a detailed report of the state of the national economy in the financial year that is coming to a close. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️It is prepared by the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) under the guidance of the CEA. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
▪️Once prepared, the Survey is approved by the Finance Minister. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
▪️The first Economic Survey was presented for 1950-51 and until 1964, it was presented along with the Budget.
▪️Similarly, for the longest time, the survey was presented in just one volume, with specific chapters dedicated to different key sectors of the economy – such as services, agriculture, and manufacturing – as well as key policy areas – such as fiscal developments, state of employment and inflation etc. This volume carries a detailed statistical abstract as well.
▪️However, between 2010-11 and 2020-21, the survey was presented in two volumes. The additional volume carried the intellectual imprint of the CEA and often dealt with some of the major issues and debates facing the economy.
▪️Last year’s survey reverted back to a single volume format, possibly because it was prepared and presented while there was a change in guard in the CEA’s office and the current CEA – V Anantha Nageswaran – took charge when the survey was released.

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Q. With reference to the Census of India 2011, consider the following statements:

1. The population density of India in 2011 was 382 per sq. km.
2. The Sex ratio in India in 2011 was 943.
3. As per Census 2011, the literacy rate in India stood at 73.0 per cent.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The Census of India 2001, was historic and epoch making, being the first census of the twenty-first century and the third millennium.
▪️Census 2011 was the 15th census of its kind since 1872.
▪️One of the important indices of population concentration is the density of population.
- It is defined as the number of persons per square kilometre (sq. km).
- The population density of India in 2011 was 382 per sq. km with a decadal growth rate of 17.7 per cent. Hence statement 1 is correct.
▪️Sex ratio, defined as the number of females per thousand males, is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equality between males and females in a society at a given point of time.
- The sex ratio in India has always remained unfavourable to females. It was 972 at the beginning of the twentieth century (1901) and thereafter showed a continuous decline until 1941 when it reached 945.
- The sex ratio improved from 933 in 2001 to 943 in 2011. Hence statement 2 is correct.
▪️A person aged seven and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is treated as literate as per the Census of India 2011.
- A person, who can only read but cannot write, is not literate. Prior to 1991, Census of India treated children below five years of age as illiterates.
- As per Census 2011, the literacy rate in India stood at 73.0 per cent (80.9 per cent for males and 64.6 per cent for females), an increase from 64.8 per cent in 2001. Hence statement 3 is correct.

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Q. With reference to the Indian Political System, consider the following statements:

1. The Election Commission of India (ECI) organises All India Whips’ Conference from time to time with the purpose of establishing suitable links among the whips of various political parties.
2. The Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs conducts Youth Parliament Competitions in various categories of schools and colleges/universities, in order to develop democratic ethos in the younger generation.