Q. According to ancient treatises, dance has three aspects of Natya, nritya and nritta. In this context consider the following statements:

1. Natya represents dramatic representation or drama with speech, music and dancing.
2. Nritya is a pure dance where body movements do not express any mood.
3. Nritta corresponds to the mime performed to the song.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️According to the Abhinaya Darpanam, the Sangitaratnakara and other medieval treatises, dance is divided into three distinct aspects, that is, natya, nritya and nritta.

▪️Natya corresponds to drama. it is the combined manifestation of bhava, rasa and abhinaya. Natyahighlights the dramatic element and most dance forms do not give emphasis to this aspect today with the exception of dance-drama forms like Kathakali. Hence statement 1 is correct.

▪️Nritya consists of footwork and abhinaya. It relates to Rasa and psychological state. Angika abhinaya relating to Hasta, eyes, eyebrows, lips etc. are very important in Nritya. It can be termed as the explanatory aspect of dance where hand gestures and facial expressionsconvey the meaning of the lyrics of the performing song. Bhav of the dancer is of prime importance in this so it can also be considered as the miming aspect of dance. Hence statement 2 is not correct.

▪️Nritta corresponds to pure dance steps performed rhythmically. Here the movements of the body do not convey any mood or meaning and its purpose is just creating beauty by making various patterns, lines in space and time. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

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#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Both statements are interchanged.

▪️Statement 1 is incorrect. Imperative planning is found in Socialist economies such as the USSR, North Korea, etc.
▪️Features of Imperative Planning:
- State and Public sector companies have complete control over resources.
- No Private Sector involved.
- No consumer sovereignty.
-Procedure followed is strict and rigid.

▪️Statement 2 is incorrect. Indicative Planning is found in mixed economies such as India, France, etc.
▪️Features of Indicative Planning:
- Government prepares an outline of plan after consulting with public and private sector.
- Private sector are given funds, incentives, subsidies, tax breaks to boost production, income & employment.
- Thus both Private and Public sector coexist.
- Procedure followed is soft and flexible.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Balance of Payment (BoP) is a transaction between residents of the country with the rest of the world.
2. SEBI is responsible for preparing BoP for India.

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▪️Statement 1 is correct. BoP systematically summarizes the economic transactions of a country with the rest of the world for a given period of time specifically for a financial year.
▪️BoP is a transaction between residents of a country with the rest of the world.
▪️So, BoP of India will record all transactions which happen between Indian residents (individuals, companies, governments etc.) and non-residents, foreigners or foreign entities.
▪️ Statement 2 is incorrect. RBI (and not SEBI) is responsible for preparing BoP.
▪️It shall be consistent with the BoP manual of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
▪️The sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines the Balance of Payments (BoP) as a statistical statement that summarises economic transactions between residents and non-residents during a specific time period.
▪️The BoP, thus, includes all transactions showing:
(a) transactions in goods, services and income between an economy and the rest of the world,
(b) changes of ownership and other changes in that economy’s monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), and financial claims on and liabilities to the rest of the world, and
(c) unrequited transfers.
▪️These transactions are categorised into
(i) the “current account” including “goods and services”, the “primary income”, and the “secondary income”,
(ii) the “capital account”, and
(iii) the “financial account”.

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Q. With reference to the indifference curve, consider the following statements:

1. If there are multiple indifference curves then a lower curve will give more satisfaction.
2. Indifference curves run parallel, they don't interest each other.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️When a consumer consumes various goods, then there are some combinations (bundles) which may give him same satisfaction (1 book, 2 pens) (2 pens, 1 book). The graphical representation of such combinations is termed as Indifference Curve. It’s convex shaped.

▪️Statement 1 is incorrect. If there are multiple Indifference Curves then a higher (and not lower) curve will give more satisfaction.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. Indifference curves run parallel, they don’t cut/intersect each other.

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Q. With reference to the difference between Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA), consider the following statements:

1. DNA contains the sugar ribose, while RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
2. DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
3. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information, while RNA directly codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Differences Between DNA and RNA:

▪️ DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more -OH group than deoxyribose, which has -H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring. Statement 1 is not correct.
▪️DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule. Statement 2 is correct.
▪️DNA is stable under alkaline conditions, while RNA is not stable.
▪️DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information, while RNA directly codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins. Statement 3 is correct.
▪️DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring.

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Smiling Sun:

▪️The NASA shared an image of the sun seemingly ‘smiling’.
▪️Captured by the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory, the image has dark patches on the sun’s surface resembling eyes and a smile.
▪️NASA explained that the patches are called coronal holes, which can be seen in ultraviolet light but are typically invisible to our eyes.

▪️What are coronal holes?
- These are regions on the sun’s surface from where fast solar wind gushes out into space.
- Because they contain little solar material, they have lower temperatures and thus appear much darker than their surroundings.
- Here, the magnetic field is open to interplanetary space, sending solar material out in a high-speed stream of solar wind.
- Coronal holes can last between a few weeks to months.
- The holes are not a unique phenomenon, appearing throughout the sun’s approximately 11-year solar cycle.
- They can last much longer during solar minimum – a period of time when activity on the Sun is substantially diminished, according to NASA.

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Q. With reference to the developments in space sector, consider the following statements:

1. Falcon Heavy Rocket, which belong to the NASA, is the most powerful space rocket at present.
2. The Vikram-S is India’s first privately manufactured space rocket.

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▪️Statement 1 is not correct. It is true that, at present, the Falcon Heavy Rocket is the most powerful space rocket, but it does not belong to NASA. It is designed, developed and operated by SpaceX, a private space firm of the USA.
▪️Falcon Heavy has 27 Merlin engines which together generate more than five million pounds of thrust at lift-off, equaling around eighteen 747 aircraft at full power which makes it the most capable rocket flying.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. Hyderabad-based space firm Skyroot Aerospace is going to launch Vikram-S, India’s first privately manufactured rocket.
▪️It is being launched as part of Skyroot Aerospace’s first mission “Prarambh”.
▪️It is a single-stage sub-orbital launch vehicle that will carry three client payloads and assist test and verifying most of the technology in the Vikram family of space launch vehicles.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. India is a founding member of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) which was established in 1966.
2. India started borrowing from ADB in 1986.
3. India holds less than 5% shares in the ADB.