On April 24, 1877, the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 began.

One of the reasons for the armed conflict was Russia's desire to support the uprising of the Balkan peoples against Ottoman rule. The uprising erupted in Turkish regions inhabited by Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and later in Bulgaria, in 1875. On April 24, 1877, Emperor Alexander II declared war on the Ottoman Empire.

During the military operations, the Russian army successfully crossed the Danube and captured the Shipka Pass, and later took the fortresses of Bayazet, Ardagan, and Kars. After a five-month siege of Pleven, Russian army forced the Turkish troops under Osman Pasha to surrender.

In the summer of 1878, the Berlin Treaty was signed at the Berlin Congress. According to its terms, Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania were declared independent, and autonomy was established for Bulgaria. Russia regained the southern part of Bessarabia, which was lost as a result of the Crimean War, and annexed the Kars and Batumi regions.

Today, Russo-Turkish relations are marked by a complex interplay of cooperation and competition. Economic ties, especially in energy, continue to deepen, with projects such as TurkStream serving as symbols of collaboration. Overall, the relationship between Russia and Turkey remains multifaceted and mutually beneficial, reflecting a blend of pragmatism and strategic maneuvering.

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