Refinery training
🔴Catalyst Types and Loading Methods:-
#Catalyst
✳️Catalyst Types and Loading Methods:- Catalysts are materials which are added in a chemical reaction in order to increase the rate or the speed at which the reaction is occurring. Every reaction proceeds with a path or a mechanism called the reaction mechanism. Every reaction mechanism has a particular activation energy associated with it. The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the minimum amounts of energy required to take the reactants to the condition in which they will start reacting with each other hence carry out a chemical reaction. If this amount of energy is not available then no chemical reaction will happen. Introduction of catalysts in a chemical reaction results in a different path or a different mechanism whose associated activation energy is much smaller than that of the path or the mechanism without the catalyst.
When a catalyst is introduced in a chemical reaction, the reaction proceeds with both the path but majority of reactants follow the path which corresponds to lower activation energy. The complete amount of catalyst used during the reaction is recovered at the end of the reaction after the reaction gets completed. The catalysts can be of same phase as the reactant, the reaction process is then called homogeneous catalysis. If the catalysts are of different phase than the reactants then the reaction process is called heterogeneous catalysis.
✳️Types of Catalysts
Homogeneous Catalysts:
The catalysts belong to the same phase as that of the reactants due to which when the catalyst is introduced in the chemical reaction it mixes very easily with the reactants due to which the interaction between them leads to high selectivity and high activity. The reaction mechanism of such catalysts is generally well understood. The catalyst regeneration is generally difficult because the separation of constituents is itself difficult.
Heterogeneous Catalyst:
They catalysts do not belong to the same phase as that of the reactants. They are the most common type of catalysts used in industries because when they are introduced in a chemical reaction it is much easier to separate them and recover the products and the catalysts as well. They are available in powdered form, in granules and also supported on carriers. The benefit of using the catalysts in powdered form is that large surface area is available for reaction. The disadvantage is that smaller particles tend to agglomerate due to which they lose their catalytic tendencies. It can be solved if the catalysts are dispersed onto the carriers. They have relatively low activity and selectivity. The underlying reaction mechanism is not well understood.
Bio catalysts:
The natural biological catalysts such as enzymes and nucleic acids are used in industries to carry out chemical reactions. They are gaining popularity over conventional catalysts in industries because of high activity, high reactivity and the easiness in separating products and also the catalyst regeneration is optional in nature.
Catalyst Loading Methods
Vacuum Loading:
The catalysts are first put in the hopper and then they are pneumatically conveyed inside the reactor.
Loading directly from Big Bags:
The catalysts are placed in bags and the bags are lifted with the help of cranes. They are made to pass through dust containment system before they are dropped in reactor.
Dense Loading:
A device is used to spread the catalyst evenly in the reactor in order to reduce void space and to reduce channelling. Either rotating equipment or a propellant can be used.
Sock Loading:
A discharge pipe is connected to the nozzle of hopper and a flexible sock is attached to other end of the pipe. The sock ensures that the pipe is always full of catalysts.
Tube Reactor Loading:
The tubes in the reactor are directly filled with catalysts using manpower. It is a labour intensive job.
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
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✳️Catalyst Types and Loading Methods:- Catalysts are materials which are added in a chemical reaction in order to increase the rate or the speed at which the reaction is occurring. Every reaction proceeds with a path or a mechanism called the reaction mechanism. Every reaction mechanism has a particular activation energy associated with it. The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the minimum amounts of energy required to take the reactants to the condition in which they will start reacting with each other hence carry out a chemical reaction. If this amount of energy is not available then no chemical reaction will happen. Introduction of catalysts in a chemical reaction results in a different path or a different mechanism whose associated activation energy is much smaller than that of the path or the mechanism without the catalyst.
When a catalyst is introduced in a chemical reaction, the reaction proceeds with both the path but majority of reactants follow the path which corresponds to lower activation energy. The complete amount of catalyst used during the reaction is recovered at the end of the reaction after the reaction gets completed. The catalysts can be of same phase as the reactant, the reaction process is then called homogeneous catalysis. If the catalysts are of different phase than the reactants then the reaction process is called heterogeneous catalysis.
✳️Types of Catalysts
Homogeneous Catalysts:
The catalysts belong to the same phase as that of the reactants due to which when the catalyst is introduced in the chemical reaction it mixes very easily with the reactants due to which the interaction between them leads to high selectivity and high activity. The reaction mechanism of such catalysts is generally well understood. The catalyst regeneration is generally difficult because the separation of constituents is itself difficult.
Heterogeneous Catalyst:
They catalysts do not belong to the same phase as that of the reactants. They are the most common type of catalysts used in industries because when they are introduced in a chemical reaction it is much easier to separate them and recover the products and the catalysts as well. They are available in powdered form, in granules and also supported on carriers. The benefit of using the catalysts in powdered form is that large surface area is available for reaction. The disadvantage is that smaller particles tend to agglomerate due to which they lose their catalytic tendencies. It can be solved if the catalysts are dispersed onto the carriers. They have relatively low activity and selectivity. The underlying reaction mechanism is not well understood.
Bio catalysts:
The natural biological catalysts such as enzymes and nucleic acids are used in industries to carry out chemical reactions. They are gaining popularity over conventional catalysts in industries because of high activity, high reactivity and the easiness in separating products and also the catalyst regeneration is optional in nature.
Catalyst Loading Methods
Vacuum Loading:
The catalysts are first put in the hopper and then they are pneumatically conveyed inside the reactor.
Loading directly from Big Bags:
The catalysts are placed in bags and the bags are lifted with the help of cranes. They are made to pass through dust containment system before they are dropped in reactor.
Dense Loading:
A device is used to spread the catalyst evenly in the reactor in order to reduce void space and to reduce channelling. Either rotating equipment or a propellant can be used.
Sock Loading:
A discharge pipe is connected to the nozzle of hopper and a flexible sock is attached to other end of the pipe. The sock ensures that the pipe is always full of catalysts.
Tube Reactor Loading:
The tubes in the reactor are directly filled with catalysts using manpower. It is a labour intensive job.
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
Telegram
Refinery training
🌟کانال تخصصی آموزش پالایشگاهی:
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
@EsmaeilEsmaeilzadeh
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
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👍1
Refinery training
🔴Difference Between PSV and PRV
#PSV
#Valve
🔴Difference Between PSV and PRV
Pressure Safety Valves (PSV) are also commonly referred to as simply Safety Valves. They are used to relieve pressure from equipments operating Gases. Generally the valve opens suddenly, at an instant.
Pressure Relief Valves (PRV) are also commonly referred to as simply Relief Valves. They are a type of Safety Valve. They are used to relieve pressure from equipments operating Liquids. Generally the valve opens relatively gradually and proportionally.
The function of both PSV and PRV is that they relieve the excess pressure from the system by opening automatically and they get closed automatically when the pressure in the system normalizes.
The most common type of safety valves used in industries is spring loaded safety valve.
The valve has a spring which is attached to adjusting screw. The screw can be adjusted to compress the spring thus imparting flexibility in adjusting the spring force. The spring is attached to a disc using a spindle. The location of the disk is where the fluid enters the valve when the system is over pressurized.
If the pressure force is less than the spring force then the fluid will not be able to move the disc. Such condition represents normal operating condition. If the pressure force is equal to the spring force then the disc starts to move. The fluid enters from the equipment to the valve and starts moving out of the system.
In case of PSV, when the pressure force becomes greater than the spring force the valve opens instantly and a ‘pop’ sound occurs whereas the PRV opens proportionally to the increasing pressure. It can be said that the opening is relatively gradual as compared to PSV.
The escaping fluid results in decrease of the pressure. When the pressure force becomes smaller than the spring force again then the disc returns to the same location again and seals the equipment.
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#Valve
🔴Difference Between PSV and PRV
Pressure Safety Valves (PSV) are also commonly referred to as simply Safety Valves. They are used to relieve pressure from equipments operating Gases. Generally the valve opens suddenly, at an instant.
Pressure Relief Valves (PRV) are also commonly referred to as simply Relief Valves. They are a type of Safety Valve. They are used to relieve pressure from equipments operating Liquids. Generally the valve opens relatively gradually and proportionally.
The function of both PSV and PRV is that they relieve the excess pressure from the system by opening automatically and they get closed automatically when the pressure in the system normalizes.
The most common type of safety valves used in industries is spring loaded safety valve.
The valve has a spring which is attached to adjusting screw. The screw can be adjusted to compress the spring thus imparting flexibility in adjusting the spring force. The spring is attached to a disc using a spindle. The location of the disk is where the fluid enters the valve when the system is over pressurized.
If the pressure force is less than the spring force then the fluid will not be able to move the disc. Such condition represents normal operating condition. If the pressure force is equal to the spring force then the disc starts to move. The fluid enters from the equipment to the valve and starts moving out of the system.
In case of PSV, when the pressure force becomes greater than the spring force the valve opens instantly and a ‘pop’ sound occurs whereas the PRV opens proportionally to the increasing pressure. It can be said that the opening is relatively gradual as compared to PSV.
The escaping fluid results in decrease of the pressure. When the pressure force becomes smaller than the spring force again then the disc returns to the same location again and seals the equipment.
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
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Telegram
Refinery training
🌟کانال تخصصی آموزش پالایشگاهی:
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
@EsmaeilEsmaeilzadeh
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
@EsmaeilEsmaeilzadeh
❤1
✳️Packed column versus Tray column
Selection of plate column or packed column can be done on the following basis :
🔴Plate columns
1_ Plate columns can handle wide range of gas and liquid flow rates.
2_ Plate efficiency can be predicted more accurately
3_ Plate column operation is considerably smooth.
4_ Cooling arrangement can be provided in plate column.
5_ Plate column provide stage wise contact.
6_ When the liquid cause fouling or deposition of solids, even though the tray is blocked up, it is easier to clean it and manholes can be provided over the plate.
🔴Packed column
1_ Packed columns are more suitable for low capacity operations.
2_ Packed columns are particularly useful in the field of vacuum distillation. Here column pressure drop is of paramount importance to minimize the pressure and temperature at the bottom of the column.
3_ For separating heat sensitive materials packed columns are useful because the liquid hold up is low.
4_ When corrosion is a problem packing may be the only answer.
5_ Pressure drop per unit length is less in packed column.
6_ Packed column provides continuous contact between the vapor and liquid phases.
7_ Packed columns are suitable for handling foaming system.
8_Modern high capacity pickings are available in practically any material.
9_ Total weight of packed column is less due to use of low weight and high capacity packing.
🔴⚠️Disadvantages
🔴Plate columns
1_ Foaming system reduces the performance of plate columns. Anti foaming agents can be made use of to suppress the foam.
2_ Liquid hold up is very high. Therefore pressure drop is very high.
3_ For corrosive liquids, cost of plate column is too high due to use of corrosion resistant material.
4_ Supporting structure required is costly.
🔴Packed column
1_ HETP and HTU prediction may not be very accurate.
2_ Packed columns are not suitable for very low liquid rates.
3_ Provision of cooling arrangement is difficult in packed columns.
4_ Removal of side stream is not possible in packed column.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#Process
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
Selection of plate column or packed column can be done on the following basis :
🔴Plate columns
1_ Plate columns can handle wide range of gas and liquid flow rates.
2_ Plate efficiency can be predicted more accurately
3_ Plate column operation is considerably smooth.
4_ Cooling arrangement can be provided in plate column.
5_ Plate column provide stage wise contact.
6_ When the liquid cause fouling or deposition of solids, even though the tray is blocked up, it is easier to clean it and manholes can be provided over the plate.
🔴Packed column
1_ Packed columns are more suitable for low capacity operations.
2_ Packed columns are particularly useful in the field of vacuum distillation. Here column pressure drop is of paramount importance to minimize the pressure and temperature at the bottom of the column.
3_ For separating heat sensitive materials packed columns are useful because the liquid hold up is low.
4_ When corrosion is a problem packing may be the only answer.
5_ Pressure drop per unit length is less in packed column.
6_ Packed column provides continuous contact between the vapor and liquid phases.
7_ Packed columns are suitable for handling foaming system.
8_Modern high capacity pickings are available in practically any material.
9_ Total weight of packed column is less due to use of low weight and high capacity packing.
🔴⚠️Disadvantages
🔴Plate columns
1_ Foaming system reduces the performance of plate columns. Anti foaming agents can be made use of to suppress the foam.
2_ Liquid hold up is very high. Therefore pressure drop is very high.
3_ For corrosive liquids, cost of plate column is too high due to use of corrosion resistant material.
4_ Supporting structure required is costly.
🔴Packed column
1_ HETP and HTU prediction may not be very accurate.
2_ Packed columns are not suitable for very low liquid rates.
3_ Provision of cooling arrangement is difficult in packed columns.
4_ Removal of side stream is not possible in packed column.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#Process
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
Telegram
Refinery training
🌟کانال تخصصی آموزش پالایشگاهی:
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
@EsmaeilEsmaeilzadeh
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
@EsmaeilEsmaeilzadeh
👍1
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#Compressor
✳️Reciprocating compressor animation (Part 5)
✳️ ویدئوی آموزشی کمپرسورهای رفت و برگشتی( قسمت پنجم) مطابق با جزوات API
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
✳️Reciprocating compressor animation (Part 5)
✳️ ویدئوی آموزشی کمپرسورهای رفت و برگشتی( قسمت پنجم) مطابق با جزوات API
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
👍1
Refinery training
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/esmaeil-esmaeilzadeh-2216b27a_turbineabrcntrolabrsystem-turbine-refinery-activity-6776382435258118144-PktT
#Turbinr
🔴 ویدئوی آموزشی سیستم کنترل توربین بخار
✳️ Turbine control system
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
🔴 ویدئوی آموزشی سیستم کنترل توربین بخار
✳️ Turbine control system
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
✳️Floating head versus U tube heat exchanger
🔵U tube heat exchanger
The tube bundle consists U shaped tubes. Both ends of U tube are fixed in the same tube sheet. Thermal expansion resulting due to the temperature difference between
shell and tube material is taken care off by U bends. U tubes can expand or contract freely and uniformly. It performs the same function as floating head. It also reduces the number of joints
✅Advantages:
Initial cost is low.
Internal gasket is eliminated.
Only one tube sheet is required.
Tube bundle can be removed for cleaning and inspection.
By passing of shell side fluid is minimum due to minimum clearance between the shell and outer most tubes,
It is easy to clean channel, tube side headers. Gaskets can be easily replaced.
🚫Disadvantages
Tube inner surface can be cleaned by chemical means only.
.Individual tube replacement is difficult.
Less number of tubes can be fixed on tube sheet because of U bends.
Tube side passes can not be increased or decreased.
Tube side velocity can initiate corrosion on the inside of bends.
🔵Floating head heat exchanger
_ Split back ring type
_ Pull through bundle type
_ Outside packed Lantern ring type
_ Outside packed stuffing box type
Split back ring type unit is more commonly used in industries. In this type of construction straight tubes are fixed at both ends in stationary and floating tube sheets. Floating head is fitted to the tube sheet which is away from the channel. Floating head is held in position by a split backing ring so that dismantling is possible. Floating tube sheet diameter is kept slightly smaller than the inner shell diameter so that the entire tube bundle can be removed from the channel end. The shell is closed by a bonnet on the floating head side.
Advantages are that tube bundle can be removed for inspection and cleaning. Tubes can be replaced if damaged. Any number of tube side passes can be employed.
In this unit gasketted joints are very large, therefore it is costly. It is used below 70 kg/cm- pressures. Above these pressures floating head gasket may start leaking. Floating head heat exchangers are suitable for heavy duties associated with high temperature and pressure and large temperature differences. Fouling fluids can be handled because cleaning of tubes from inside and outside is possible. These units are widely used in petrochemical plants and chemical industries.
✅Advantages
Tube bundle can be removed for inspection.
Mechanical cleaning of the outer surface of tubes is easily possible.
Since tubes are straight, individual tubes can be replaced. Inside tube surface can be
cleaned without removing the tube bundle.
No limitation on number of tube side passes.
🚫Disadvantages
It is very costly.
It has a large number of gasket joints.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
🔵U tube heat exchanger
The tube bundle consists U shaped tubes. Both ends of U tube are fixed in the same tube sheet. Thermal expansion resulting due to the temperature difference between
shell and tube material is taken care off by U bends. U tubes can expand or contract freely and uniformly. It performs the same function as floating head. It also reduces the number of joints
✅Advantages:
Initial cost is low.
Internal gasket is eliminated.
Only one tube sheet is required.
Tube bundle can be removed for cleaning and inspection.
By passing of shell side fluid is minimum due to minimum clearance between the shell and outer most tubes,
It is easy to clean channel, tube side headers. Gaskets can be easily replaced.
🚫Disadvantages
Tube inner surface can be cleaned by chemical means only.
.Individual tube replacement is difficult.
Less number of tubes can be fixed on tube sheet because of U bends.
Tube side passes can not be increased or decreased.
Tube side velocity can initiate corrosion on the inside of bends.
🔵Floating head heat exchanger
_ Split back ring type
_ Pull through bundle type
_ Outside packed Lantern ring type
_ Outside packed stuffing box type
Split back ring type unit is more commonly used in industries. In this type of construction straight tubes are fixed at both ends in stationary and floating tube sheets. Floating head is fitted to the tube sheet which is away from the channel. Floating head is held in position by a split backing ring so that dismantling is possible. Floating tube sheet diameter is kept slightly smaller than the inner shell diameter so that the entire tube bundle can be removed from the channel end. The shell is closed by a bonnet on the floating head side.
Advantages are that tube bundle can be removed for inspection and cleaning. Tubes can be replaced if damaged. Any number of tube side passes can be employed.
In this unit gasketted joints are very large, therefore it is costly. It is used below 70 kg/cm- pressures. Above these pressures floating head gasket may start leaking. Floating head heat exchangers are suitable for heavy duties associated with high temperature and pressure and large temperature differences. Fouling fluids can be handled because cleaning of tubes from inside and outside is possible. These units are widely used in petrochemical plants and chemical industries.
✅Advantages
Tube bundle can be removed for inspection.
Mechanical cleaning of the outer surface of tubes is easily possible.
Since tubes are straight, individual tubes can be replaced. Inside tube surface can be
cleaned without removing the tube bundle.
No limitation on number of tube side passes.
🚫Disadvantages
It is very costly.
It has a large number of gasket joints.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
Telegram
Refinery training
🌟کانال تخصصی آموزش پالایشگاهی:
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
@EsmaeilEsmaeilzadeh
- آموزش مهندسی و طراحی فرآیند
- آموزش تجهیزات پالایشگاهی
- آموزش بهره برداری
- آموزش ایمنی فردی و فرآیندی
- و ...
🔗لینک عضویت
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
مدیریت:
@EsmaeilEsmaeilzadeh
👍2❤1
#Heat_Exchanger
✳️Heat Exchanger Parts and Functions:- Heat Exchanger is the most critical and important equipment of any Chemical Plant. It is used to transfer heat from one fluid to another by indirect contact of them. The design of the heat exchanger is very important to increase the efficiency of it. It contains so many different parts that are assembled to produce an efficient heat exchanger. “The heat is always transferred from hot fluid to cold fluid”. Different types of Heat Exchanger are available:
Shell & Tube HE
Plate Type HE
Double Pipe HE
U-Tube HE
Fixed Tube HE
Floating Tube HE
Air Cooled HE, etc…
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
✳️Heat Exchanger Parts and Functions:- Heat Exchanger is the most critical and important equipment of any Chemical Plant. It is used to transfer heat from one fluid to another by indirect contact of them. The design of the heat exchanger is very important to increase the efficiency of it. It contains so many different parts that are assembled to produce an efficient heat exchanger. “The heat is always transferred from hot fluid to cold fluid”. Different types of Heat Exchanger are available:
Shell & Tube HE
Plate Type HE
Double Pipe HE
U-Tube HE
Fixed Tube HE
Floating Tube HE
Air Cooled HE, etc…
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
https://telegram.me/joinchat/BPcqEj6oILuNjxCzl0Qhsg
❤2👍1
#Heat_Exchanger
✳️Heat Exchanger Parts
🔵SHELL
SHELL is the component of HE which keeps everything inside it. It is designed based on internal pressure. It has a diameter greater than Tubesheet Diameter. It is closed by head on both sides either flanged or welded. It is made up of metal.
🔵TUBES
TUBES are the second component that carries either hot or cold fluid. Based on the requirement the total number of tubes is decided. Different standard sizes of the tube are available in the market. MOC is selected based on shell and tube sheet material to eliminate galvanic corrosion.
The hot fluid is mostly kept on the tube side to use its heat completely and eliminate heat waste.
Two types of tube pitch are available one is Square which is used when the material is very corrosive and another is Triangular which is used when the material is clear.
🔵TUBESHEET
TUBESHEET is located on both sides of HE. Tubes are fastened on that. IN fixed tube HE TUBESHEET is fixed and can not be removed and in Floating tube HE It is removable for cleaning purposes.
🔵BAFFLES
BAFFLES are used in the heat exchanger to increase the turbulence of shell-side fluid that increases the heat transfer coefficient. It also gives support to tubes and keeps them in their position. Different types of baffles arrangements are available.
Segmental Baffles (Most popular)
Orifice Baffles
Disc and Donut type baffles
Baffle spacing which is nothing but the distance between two baffles is to be determined very carefully because it directly affects the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
The standard baffle cut is 15% to 40%.
🔵TIE ROD
TIE ROD is the same as the tube which is used to keep spacers on it.
🔵SPACERS
SPACERS are fixed on tie rod to keep baffles in their position and avoid vibration.
🔵NOZZLES
NOZZLES are given for both the fluids shell-side and tube-side. Two for inlet and two for an outlet.
🔵EXPANSION JOINT
EXPANSION JOINT is most useful when the high-temperature variation is given to HE. It will eliminate the expansion and contraction of the heat exchanger which will eliminate cracking of the shell.
🔵PASS PARTITION PLATE
PASS PARTITION PLATE is located on the head which will show the path to fluid in more than 1 pass heat exchangers.
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🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
✳️Heat Exchanger Parts
🔵SHELL
SHELL is the component of HE which keeps everything inside it. It is designed based on internal pressure. It has a diameter greater than Tubesheet Diameter. It is closed by head on both sides either flanged or welded. It is made up of metal.
🔵TUBES
TUBES are the second component that carries either hot or cold fluid. Based on the requirement the total number of tubes is decided. Different standard sizes of the tube are available in the market. MOC is selected based on shell and tube sheet material to eliminate galvanic corrosion.
The hot fluid is mostly kept on the tube side to use its heat completely and eliminate heat waste.
Two types of tube pitch are available one is Square which is used when the material is very corrosive and another is Triangular which is used when the material is clear.
🔵TUBESHEET
TUBESHEET is located on both sides of HE. Tubes are fastened on that. IN fixed tube HE TUBESHEET is fixed and can not be removed and in Floating tube HE It is removable for cleaning purposes.
🔵BAFFLES
BAFFLES are used in the heat exchanger to increase the turbulence of shell-side fluid that increases the heat transfer coefficient. It also gives support to tubes and keeps them in their position. Different types of baffles arrangements are available.
Segmental Baffles (Most popular)
Orifice Baffles
Disc and Donut type baffles
Baffle spacing which is nothing but the distance between two baffles is to be determined very carefully because it directly affects the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
The standard baffle cut is 15% to 40%.
🔵TIE ROD
TIE ROD is the same as the tube which is used to keep spacers on it.
🔵SPACERS
SPACERS are fixed on tie rod to keep baffles in their position and avoid vibration.
🔵NOZZLES
NOZZLES are given for both the fluids shell-side and tube-side. Two for inlet and two for an outlet.
🔵EXPANSION JOINT
EXPANSION JOINT is most useful when the high-temperature variation is given to HE. It will eliminate the expansion and contraction of the heat exchanger which will eliminate cracking of the shell.
🔵PASS PARTITION PLATE
PASS PARTITION PLATE is located on the head which will show the path to fluid in more than 1 pass heat exchangers.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
🔴 کانال تخصصی آموزش تجهیزات فرآیندی و پالایشگاهی
@Refinerytraining
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