Approach algorithm to malignant hyperthermia pathogenesis & clinical picture.

#Infections

Simplified algorithmal approach to hypertensive emergency ..


#Cardiology

Remember:

-Asthma, postnasal drip, and reflux disease are the three most common causes of chronic cough in a nonsmoker not taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. All ACE inhibitors, including lisinopril, can cause chronic cough, possibly due to altered bradykinin metabolism.

#Respiratory

Abnormal liver tests.

#Liver

2023
Revised Definition of Pulmonary Hypertension and Approach to Management.

#Respiratory

ACEIs side effects (passmedicine 2023)

#Cardiology

HTN Rx lines .

#Cardiology

SLE (lupus nephritis) .

#Rheumatology
#Renal

Diuretics and electrolytes

#Renal

IgA nephropathy in adults - Treatment Standard.

#Renal

Heart failure

classes

HFrEF <40%
HFpEF >50%
HFiEF <40% then >40%
HFmREF between 40 and 50
HFhEF >60%

Treatment

4 pillars within 1 month

1-BB. First line  (Metoprolol 12.5-25-200mg once,
carvidolol 3.125_25mg twice ,
Bisoprolol (concor) 1.25_ 10mg once) up titrated every 2 weeks
>30% improvements in mortality

2- ACEI/ARBs
Ramipril 1.25- 10 mg once daily
begin with BB at same time

Novel drug...
ARNI (Sacopatril 49 + Valsartan51)
100-200mg twice
Expensive used mainly in HFrEF



3-MRA
Spironolactone 25-50mg once after 1-2 weeks
if the patient develop gynacomastia change to eplerenon with same dosage

4-Empa (empagliflozine , canagliflozine , dapagliflozine)with 10mg once. No titration needed
Na glucose cotransport inhibitor
Used for all stage
the only drugs that improve prognosis in HFmrEF

Dr / Salah Al-Shawki

#Cardiology

Berlin criteria for ARDS

•Acute onset: respiratory failure within one week of a known predisposing factor (e.g., sepsis, pneumonia) or worsening respiratory symptoms

Bilateral opacities (on chest x-ray or CT)

Hypoxemia: PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mm Hg

Respiratory failure cannot be fully accounted for by heart failure or fluid overload.


#Respiratory