•Amantadine
Side effects include restlessness, confusion, depression, skin rashes, edema, nausea, constipation, anorexia, postural hypotension, and disturbances of cardiac rhythm.
#Medicine
Side effects include restlessness, confusion, depression, skin rashes, edema, nausea, constipation, anorexia, postural hypotension, and disturbances of cardiac rhythm.
#Medicine
-The most common early side effects of levodopa are nausea, vomiting, and hypotension, but cardiac arrhythmias may also occur.
#Medicine
#Medicine
-Levodopa therapy is contraindicated in patients with psychotic illness or narrow-angle glaucoma.
-It should not be given to patients taking monoamine oxidase A inhibitors or within 2 weeks of their withdrawal, because hypertensive crises may result.
#Medicine
-It should not be given to patients taking monoamine oxidase A inhibitors or within 2 weeks of their withdrawal, because hypertensive crises may result.
#Medicine
-Diarrhea is sometimes troublesome.
-Because rare cases of fulminant hepatic failure have followed its use, tolcapone should be avoided in patients with preexisting liver disease.
#Medicine
-Because rare cases of fulminant hepatic failure have followed its use, tolcapone should be avoided in patients with preexisting liver disease.
#Medicine
-In concomitant squint:
Primary deviation = Secondary deviation.
- In paralytic squint:
Primary deviation < Secondary deviation .
#Ophthalmology
Primary deviation = Secondary deviation.
- In paralytic squint:
Primary deviation < Secondary deviation .
#Ophthalmology
Some points in Angiofibroma:
-CT scan of the head with contrast enhancement is now the investigation of choice In angiofibroma.
-The most common presentation of angiofibroma is profuse, recurrent and spontaneous epistaxis.
-Most common origin of Angiofibroma is posterior part of nasal cavity close to the superior margin of sphenopalatine foramen.
-Antral sign or Holman-Miller is the anterior bowing of the posterior wall of maxillary sinus and is pathognomic of angiofibroma.
-Surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
-Recurrence of juvenile angiofibroma is not uncommon and has been reported in up to 35%.
#ENT
-CT scan of the head with contrast enhancement is now the investigation of choice In angiofibroma.
-The most common presentation of angiofibroma is profuse, recurrent and spontaneous epistaxis.
-Most common origin of Angiofibroma is posterior part of nasal cavity close to the superior margin of sphenopalatine foramen.
-Antral sign or Holman-Miller is the anterior bowing of the posterior wall of maxillary sinus and is pathognomic of angiofibroma.
-Surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
-Recurrence of juvenile angiofibroma is not uncommon and has been reported in up to 35%.
#ENT
In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma:
-Commonest site of origin of NC in the nasopharynx is the fossa of Rosenmüller.
-Most common involved cranial nerve is VIth "Abducent" which is the first to be involved.
-Trotter’s triad:
1)Conductive deafness (eustachian tube blockage)
2)Ipsilateral temporoparietal neuralgia (involvement of CN V)
3)Ipsilateral palatal paralysis (CN X).
-The most common presentation in Ca Nx is Cervical lymphadenopathy (60–90%), then hearing loss and nasal obstruction.
-High-resolution, contrast-enhanced CT of neck and nasopharynx is the study of choice. "CECT"
-Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal cancer.
#ENT
-Commonest site of origin of NC in the nasopharynx is the fossa of Rosenmüller.
-Most common involved cranial nerve is VIth "Abducent" which is the first to be involved.
-Trotter’s triad:
1)Conductive deafness (eustachian tube blockage)
2)Ipsilateral temporoparietal neuralgia (involvement of CN V)
3)Ipsilateral palatal paralysis (CN X).
-The most common presentation in Ca Nx is Cervical lymphadenopathy (60–90%), then hearing loss and nasal obstruction.
-High-resolution, contrast-enhanced CT of neck and nasopharynx is the study of choice. "CECT"
-Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal cancer.
#ENT
In Lateral sinus thrombosis:
-Hectic Picket-fence type of fever with rigors.
-Crowe–Beck test:
Pressure on jugular vein of healthy side produces engorgement of retinal veins (seen by ophthalmoscopy) and supraorbital veins. Engorgement of veins subsides on release of pressure.
#ENT
-Hectic Picket-fence type of fever with rigors.
-Crowe–Beck test:
Pressure on jugular vein of healthy side produces engorgement of retinal veins (seen by ophthalmoscopy) and supraorbital veins. Engorgement of veins subsides on release of pressure.
#ENT
The characteristics of conductive hearing loss are:
1. Negative Rinne test, i.e. BC > AC.
2. Weber lateralized to poorer ear.
3. Normal absolute bone conduction.
4. Low frequencies affected more.
5. Audiometry shows bone conduction better than air conduction with air-bone gap. Greater the air-bone gap, more is the conductive loss.
6. Loss is not more than 60 dB.
7. Speech discrimination is good.
#ENT
1. Negative Rinne test, i.e. BC > AC.
2. Weber lateralized to poorer ear.
3. Normal absolute bone conduction.
4. Low frequencies affected more.
5. Audiometry shows bone conduction better than air conduction with air-bone gap. Greater the air-bone gap, more is the conductive loss.
6. Loss is not more than 60 dB.
7. Speech discrimination is good.
#ENT
The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss are:
1. A positive Rinne test, i.e. AC > BC.
2. Weber lateralized to better ear.
3. Bone conduction reduced on Schwabach and absolute bone conduction tests.
4. More often involving high frequencies.
5. No gap between air and bone conduction curve on audiometry.
6. Loss may exceed 60 dB.
7. Speech discrimination is poor.
8. There is difficulty in hearing in the presence of noise.
#ENT
1. A positive Rinne test, i.e. AC > BC.
2. Weber lateralized to better ear.
3. Bone conduction reduced on Schwabach and absolute bone conduction tests.
4. More often involving high frequencies.
5. No gap between air and bone conduction curve on audiometry.
6. Loss may exceed 60 dB.
7. Speech discrimination is poor.
8. There is difficulty in hearing in the presence of noise.
#ENT
•Hennebert’s sign
A positive fistula sign in the absence of a fistula.This is due to fibrous adhesions between the stapes footplate and the membranous labyrinth.
•Tullio phenomenon in which loud sounds produce vertigo.
#ENT
A positive fistula sign in the absence of a fistula.This is due to fibrous adhesions between the stapes footplate and the membranous labyrinth.
•Tullio phenomenon in which loud sounds produce vertigo.
#ENT
•Sudden SNHL is defined as 30 dB or more of SNHL over at least three contiguous frequencies occurring within a period of 3 days or less.
-Mostly it is unilateral.It may be accompanied by tinnitus or temporary spell of vertigo.
#ENT
-Mostly it is unilateral.It may be accompanied by tinnitus or temporary spell of vertigo.
#ENT
-Hearing loss is impairment of hearing and its severity may vary from mild to severe or profound, while the term deafness is used, when there is little or no hearing at all.
#ENT
#ENT