Types:

Synthetic:
-Prolene mesh (white in colour)see above.
-Dacron mesh,
-Morlex mesh,
-Mersilene sheath.

Biological:"Not used nowadays".
-Tensor fascia lata,
-Temporal fascia and skin.

#Surgery

Synthetic mesh.

Criteria of an ideal mesh.
#Surgery

Blood and Nerve supply of GB.

#Surgery

Note:
About venous drainage , do not say cystic vein .
Say Small veins pass from the galbladder through its bed directly into tributaries of the right portal vein within the liver.

لأن الدكاترة ما يعجبهم تقول cystic vein ..!!

#Surgery

Note:

Celiac trunk →Common hepatic artery →Proper hepatic artery →Right hepatic artery →Cystic artery .

-The celiac trunk emerges approximately at the level of T12 and divides into the three branches to supply the foregut.

A Hypospadias case may come early morning.

History of a Thyroid case 1.

#Surgery

History of a Thyroid case 2.

#Surgery

اكتبوا هكذا ،كان في defect اليوم في الـ history ..!

And this is the examination sequence .

How to comment or read Bone X-ray

It's through ABCS acronym which means as the following :

A → Adequacy
Which includes:
1-Patient details
2- Film details


B →Bone
That includes :
1- Density
2-Fracture "with its description "

C→Cartilage and joint :
1-Dislocation
2-Subluxation
3-Degeneration .


S→Soft tissue:
-Foreign bodies
-Swelling
-Gas
-Discontinuity .

An example on how to comment .

-This X- ray is of patient Mr. Mohammad Ali, a 27 y/o male showing an AP & lateral view of the right leg, from the knee to the ankle.

Adequacy: This image is inadequate due to the absence of the following criteria:

Patient details:
-Patient name: Mr. Mohammad Ali
-Patient age & sex: 27-year-old male
-Hospital number: Not provided.

Film details:
-Date & time of scan: Not provided
-Site/side: Right lower limb from the knee to the ankle
-View/projection: Anterior - posterior and lateral.

Rule of 2's:
-Views: Present - 2 views provided
-Joints: Absent (talocrural joint not visible on AP view)
-Limbs: Absent - only 1 limb in view
-Opinions: Absent - only 1 opinion provided
-Occasions :Absent -only 1 occasion imaged.

Bone :

-Density: Normal bone density

-Fracture:

1.Soft tissue involvement: None
2.Position: Distal diaphysis
3.Injury/fracture: simple fracture ,transverse pattern
4.Location: Right tibia
5. Displacement:
-Length: No changes to limb length.
-Apposition: Medial apposition of roughly 20%
-Rotation: None
-Angulation: None
6. Growth plate/articular involvement :None

Cartilage/joint:

-Dislocation: No evidence of dislocation
-Subluxation: No evidence of subluxation
-Degeneration/osteoarthritis: No features present.

Soft tissue:
-Foreign bodies: No foreign bodies present.
-Swelling: While no signs of soft tissue swelling are apparent, comparison to the unaffected limb would be required for a final assessment of soft tissue.
-Gas: None present
-Discontinuity: No signs of discontinuity.


يقدر الواحد يختصره ،المهم هذه الـ typical method .

Quick comment :


-This X-ray is of an unknown patient showing an AP view of the right femur from the hip to knee .
-It's not adequate because it doesn't show patient and film details.
-It shows normal bone density.
-There's a transverse fracture of the femoral mid-shaft with significant displacement.The fracture is complete, with a clean fracture line The proximal fragment is angulated laterally. There are no other associated fractures or signs of pre-existing pathology. There is no soft tissue involvement .
-This finding is consistent with displaced mid-shaft femoral fracture.

مختصر جداً وحالي للـ DDx.

Especially Differential diagnosis of a Neck swelling.