Forwarded from Quick Notes
•Why is indirect inguinal hernia more common in right side ?
Due to delayed descend of right testis , slower closure of a patent processus vaginalis on the right side compared to the left.
It's almost about one month difference.
#Surgery
Due to delayed descend of right testis , slower closure of a patent processus vaginalis on the right side compared to the left.
It's almost about one month difference.
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Coverings of Testis:
1. Skin
2. Dartos muscle
3. Colle's fascia
4. External spermatic fascia
5. Cremasteric muscle & fascia
6. lnternal spermatic fascia
7. Tunica vaginalis (parietal & visceral layers).
8. Tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule).
#Surgery
1. Skin
2. Dartos muscle
3. Colle's fascia
4. External spermatic fascia
5. Cremasteric muscle & fascia
6. lnternal spermatic fascia
7. Tunica vaginalis (parietal & visceral layers).
8. Tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule).
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Nerve Suoply of GB:
1)Autonomic:-
Parasympathetic: hepatic branch of anterior vagus.
Sympathetic: from T7-9 (pain is reffered to inferior angle of right scapula).
2)Sensory:
-By the Right phrenic C3,4,5 (the same segments as the supra-clavicular nerves ) so pain in gall bladder is referred to right shoulder).
#Surgery
1)Autonomic:-
Parasympathetic: hepatic branch of anterior vagus.
Sympathetic: from T7-9 (pain is reffered to inferior angle of right scapula).
2)Sensory:
-By the Right phrenic C3,4,5 (the same segments as the supra-clavicular nerves ) so pain in gall bladder is referred to right shoulder).
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Remember:
-The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve (L1)
-Innervates Skin over the root of the penis and upper part of the scrotum (male), skin covering the mons pubis and labium majus (female).
-Motor innervation of the transverse abdominus and obliques.
#Surgery
-The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve (L1)
-Innervates Skin over the root of the penis and upper part of the scrotum (male), skin covering the mons pubis and labium majus (female).
-Motor innervation of the transverse abdominus and obliques.
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
•Difference between submandibular lymph node and submandibular gland swelling:
1. Nodes usually are multiple while gland single swelling
2. Node could be over rided the body of mandible while the gland is not
3. Gland could be palpated bimanually
(From the skin and from the floor of tongue )
4.gland swelling and pain may increase during induce sour food while node show no changes
5. As the most common cause of submandibular gland swelling is duct stone we may feel it by palpation.
#Surgery
1. Nodes usually are multiple while gland single swelling
2. Node could be over rided the body of mandible while the gland is not
3. Gland could be palpated bimanually
(From the skin and from the floor of tongue )
4.gland swelling and pain may increase during induce sour food while node show no changes
5. As the most common cause of submandibular gland swelling is duct stone we may feel it by palpation.
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
The submandibular duct (Wharton's duct) emerge from the medial aspect of the deep part, and passes forwards in the floor to open beside the base of the lingual frenulum.
#Surgery
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
High yield notes about salivary gland disorders
◼️80% of parotid tumors are benign, the commonest one is pleomorphic adenoma, 80% of parotid tumors arise in their superficial part.
◼️Pleomorphic adenoma has an incomplete capsule, enucleation of the tumor results in recurrence in most cases as seeds of cells are likely left behind.
◼️Medial displacement of the tonsil can be caused by enlargement of the deep part of parotid gland, a part of the parotid gland loops around the mandibular ramus.
◼️Salivary gland stones are commonest in the submandibular gland.
◼️Parotid gland stones are less common because its secretions are watery and its duct drains more easily compared to the viscid secretions of the submandibular gland and its up sloping duct making drainage more difficult.
◼️Plunging ranulas occur only in the sublingual gland because its the only salivary gland which secretes continuously.
◼️Although generally rare, the majority of tumors arising in the sublingual gland are malignant (90%).
◼️The vast majority of minor salivary gland tumors are malignant.
◼️Drainage of an abscess in the parotid gland should be done by Hilton's method to safeguard the facial nerve.
#Salivary
#Surgery
◼️80% of parotid tumors are benign, the commonest one is pleomorphic adenoma, 80% of parotid tumors arise in their superficial part.
◼️Pleomorphic adenoma has an incomplete capsule, enucleation of the tumor results in recurrence in most cases as seeds of cells are likely left behind.
◼️Medial displacement of the tonsil can be caused by enlargement of the deep part of parotid gland, a part of the parotid gland loops around the mandibular ramus.
◼️Salivary gland stones are commonest in the submandibular gland.
◼️Parotid gland stones are less common because its secretions are watery and its duct drains more easily compared to the viscid secretions of the submandibular gland and its up sloping duct making drainage more difficult.
◼️Plunging ranulas occur only in the sublingual gland because its the only salivary gland which secretes continuously.
◼️Although generally rare, the majority of tumors arising in the sublingual gland are malignant (90%).
◼️The vast majority of minor salivary gland tumors are malignant.
◼️Drainage of an abscess in the parotid gland should be done by Hilton's method to safeguard the facial nerve.
#Salivary
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Submandibular sialadenitis
◼️Sialadenitis is a term given to inflammation of the salivary gland.
◼️It may be viral or bacterial, viral infection is usually caused by mumps virus, bacterial infection is more common and is caused by an obstruction in the submandibular duct system
◼️Obstruction is usually caused by stones, salivary gland stones are most common in the submandibular gland as secretions are viscid and are more difficult to drain compared to the watery secretions of the parotids
◼️80% of submandibular gland stones are radio-opaque,and can be seen by inferior occlusal view,the above figure shows two stones, large arrow shows a small stone near the sublingual papilla small arrow shows a larger stone near the gland's hilum
◼️Clinical presentation depends on degree of obstruction,complete obstruction usually caused by stones at the ductal opening present with pain and swelling precipitated by meals partial obstruction present with infrequent symptoms with less pain and swelling.
#Salivary
#Surgery
◼️Sialadenitis is a term given to inflammation of the salivary gland.
◼️It may be viral or bacterial, viral infection is usually caused by mumps virus, bacterial infection is more common and is caused by an obstruction in the submandibular duct system
◼️Obstruction is usually caused by stones, salivary gland stones are most common in the submandibular gland as secretions are viscid and are more difficult to drain compared to the watery secretions of the parotids
◼️80% of submandibular gland stones are radio-opaque,and can be seen by inferior occlusal view,the above figure shows two stones, large arrow shows a small stone near the sublingual papilla small arrow shows a larger stone near the gland's hilum
◼️Clinical presentation depends on degree of obstruction,complete obstruction usually caused by stones at the ductal opening present with pain and swelling precipitated by meals partial obstruction present with infrequent symptoms with less pain and swelling.
#Salivary
#Surgery