Pap smear is screening test for early detection of Cervical cancer.
Advice for woman before procedure:
1-No intercourse for 24 hours
2-No vaginal douching for 24 hours.

شل spatula ويجي في رأسها cytobrush نشل من خلالها مسحة ونطرحها على slide ونسوي لها fixation بكحول تركيزه 95٪، ونرسل للـ Cytology.
ونشوف النتيجة لو كانت Normal, inflammatory cells or neoplastic cells.

ونشوف الـ Results على حسب Bethesda system أو Hyperplasia grading.
لوكانت النتيجة Type II high grade lesions
or mild to severe neoplasia.
نسوي بعدها Colposcope لأجل نأخذ punch biopsy لكن لو مش موجود نسوي Schiller test.

Results of Pap smear.

Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine.

Remember:

-Dyskariosis refers to abnormality from a smear.
-Dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are histological terms from a biopsy sample.
-CIN should be treated to prevent long-term progression to cervical carcinoma.
-LLETZ is the usual treatment for CIN, with yearly follow-up for 10 years.

-USMEL
#Obs_Gyne

Remember:

-Most prolactinomas respond to medical treatment with bromocriptine or cabergoline.
-Surgery is only indicated rarely.

#Obs_Gyne

Remember:

The earliest symptom of digoxin toxicity is appetite loss, followed by nausea and vomiting.

-MRCP
#Medicine

What are the indications for steroids in chronic asthma?

-Sleep is disturbed by wheeze
-Morning tightness persists until midday
-Symptoms and peak expiratory flows progressively deteriorate each day
-Maximum treatment with bronchodilators not controlling symptoms
-Emergency nebulizers are needed.

-MRCP
#Medicine

•Main causes of esophageal varices:

1-Severe liver cirrhosis as aresult of:
a-Chronic hepatitis
b-Alcoholic liver disease
c-Fatty liver disease
2-Primary biliary cirrhosis
3-Thrombosis of portal/splenic vein
4-Parasitic infection as schistosomiasis
5-Budd-chiary syndrome

•RISK_FACTORS:
1-High portal pressure
2-Increase size (large)varices
3-Red streaks on the varices ..when seen by endoscope
4-Continous use of alcohol
5-Sever liver cirrhosis or liver failure.

#Medicine

Remember:

-Ticagrelor antiplatlet agent demonestrates bactericidal activity against MRSA & may be active against multidrug resistant staphylococcus,or enterococci.

-Medscape

#Medicine

Remember:

Low TSH + normal FT4+normal T3:

-subclinical hyperthyroidisim
-sick euothyroid syndrome
-drug effect.

-MRCP
#Medicine

Remember:

-Plasmapheresis & IV immunoglobulins are the main stay of treatment of mysthenia crisis.


-MRCP
#Medicine

Remember:

-Fresh frozen plasma is helpfull in stopping bleeding in patients of DIC with raised PT & APTT.

-MRCP
#Medicine

Nifedipine Indications.

-Hypertension

-Angina

-High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

-Reynaud's phenomenon

-Premature labor


-MRCP
#Medicine

Remember:

No role for NOACs in the following patients with venous thromboemoblism (VTE)

1-Antiphospholipid syndrome

2-Pregnancy and lactation

3-CKD(GFR below 30 for dabigatran, GFR below 15 for Rivaroxaban )

4- Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH).

#Medicine

Hemochratosis classic triad:

Cirrhosis
DM
Skin pigmemtation.

#Medicine