Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Anovulation is an anovulatory cycle or a menstrual cycle during which the ovaries do not release an oocyte. Therefore, ovulation does not take place.
#Obs_Gyne
#Obs_Gyne
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens (male hormones) in women.
#Gynecology
#Gynecology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Life saving treatment in PPH
Once PPH has been identified , involve the following :
1- Identify possible PPH
2- call for help
3- ABC
4- give O2 for pt .
5- insert 2 Large bore IV access
6- CBC/cross-match and type
7- insert Foley catheter
8- massage of uterus
9- diagnosis of 4 “ Ts “ & spescific treatment accordingly.
#Obstetrics
Once PPH has been identified , involve the following :
1- Identify possible PPH
2- call for help
3- ABC
4- give O2 for pt .
5- insert 2 Large bore IV access
6- CBC/cross-match and type
7- insert Foley catheter
8- massage of uterus
9- diagnosis of 4 “ Ts “ & spescific treatment accordingly.
#Obstetrics
Forwarded from Quick Notes
▫️The most common cause of bleeding in females before puberty is a foreign body.
▫️The most common cause of bleeding in females during adolescence is pregnancy complications.
▫️The most common cause of bleeding in females after menopause is atrophic vaginitis.
#Obs_Gyne
Emergency treatment of hyperkalemia:
◼️Attach ECG monitor and obtain IV access.
◼️Priority is to PROTECT MYOCARDIUM and this should be the first to be done, give 10 mL of 10% calcium gluconate over 5 minutes (some authorities advocate 2 minutes), the protective effect is short lasting and this may need to be repeated 15 minutes later.
◼️Drive Potassium inside cells by administrating insulin, give 10 units in 50 mL of 50% glucose IV over 10 minutes and then monitor potassium and Glucose levels.
◼️If severe acidosis is present (pH less than 6.9) give sodium bicarbonate 1.26%.
◼️Additional line of treatment is salbutamol 0.5 mg in 100 mL of glucose IV over 15 minute, this is rarely done in current times.
◼️Deplete potassium over the next 24 hours by using polystyrene sulphonate resins, give 15 g orally three times a day followed by a laxative, or give 30 g rectally followed by enema 3-6 hours later.
◼️If above treatment lines fails, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is indicated.
#Medicine
◼️Attach ECG monitor and obtain IV access.
◼️Priority is to PROTECT MYOCARDIUM and this should be the first to be done, give 10 mL of 10% calcium gluconate over 5 minutes (some authorities advocate 2 minutes), the protective effect is short lasting and this may need to be repeated 15 minutes later.
◼️Drive Potassium inside cells by administrating insulin, give 10 units in 50 mL of 50% glucose IV over 10 minutes and then monitor potassium and Glucose levels.
◼️If severe acidosis is present (pH less than 6.9) give sodium bicarbonate 1.26%.
◼️Additional line of treatment is salbutamol 0.5 mg in 100 mL of glucose IV over 15 minute, this is rarely done in current times.
◼️Deplete potassium over the next 24 hours by using polystyrene sulphonate resins, give 15 g orally three times a day followed by a laxative, or give 30 g rectally followed by enema 3-6 hours later.
◼️If above treatment lines fails, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is indicated.
#Medicine
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Why is Respiratory distress syndrome more common in babies of diabetic mother?
-Because fetal hyperinulinaemia inhibits the formation of lung surfactant and delays lung maturity.
#Obs_Gyne
#Pediatrics
-Because fetal hyperinulinaemia inhibits the formation of lung surfactant and delays lung maturity.
#Obs_Gyne
#Pediatrics
Remember:
-The total serum T4 is normally increased during pregnancy as estrogen increases the thyroxine-binding globulin.
#Obs_Gyne
-The total serum T4 is normally increased during pregnancy as estrogen increases the thyroxine-binding globulin.
#Obs_Gyne
Remember:
-A grand multipara relates to a pregnant mother who has got previous four or more viable births.
#Obs_Gyne
-A grand multipara relates to a pregnant mother who has got previous four or more viable births.
#Obs_Gyne
PRESENTATION:
-The part of the fetus which occupies the lower pole of the uterus (pelvic brim) is called the presentation of the fetus.
#Obs_Gyne
-The part of the fetus which occupies the lower pole of the uterus (pelvic brim) is called the presentation of the fetus.
#Obs_Gyne
PESENTING PART:
-The presenting part is defined as the part of the presentation which overlies the internal os and is felt by the examining finger through the cervical opening.
-Thus, in cephalic presentation, the presenting part may be vertex (most common), brow or face, dep ending upon the degree of flexion of the head.
#Obs_Gyne
-The presenting part is defined as the part of the presentation which overlies the internal os and is felt by the examining finger through the cervical opening.
-Thus, in cephalic presentation, the presenting part may be vertex (most common), brow or face, dep ending upon the degree of flexion of the head.
#Obs_Gyne
MOULDING:
- It is the alteration of the shape of the forecoming head while passing through the resistant birth passage during labor.
#Obs_Gyne
- It is the alteration of the shape of the forecoming head while passing through the resistant birth passage during labor.
#Obs_Gyne
Moulding disappears within few hours after birth.
Grading:
There are three gradings.
Grade-1—the bones touching but not overlapping,
Grade-2—overlapping but easily separated and
Grade-3—fixed overlapping.
#Obs_Gyne
Grading:
There are three gradings.
Grade-1—the bones touching but not overlapping,
Grade-2—overlapping but easily separated and
Grade-3—fixed overlapping.
#Obs_Gyne
-Brow: It is an area bounded on one side by the anterior fontanel and coronal sutures and on the other side by the root of the nose and supraorbital ridges of either side.
-Vertex: It is a quadrangular area bounded anteriorly by the bregma and coronal sutures behind by the lambda and lambdoid sutures and laterally by lines passing through the parietal eminences.
#Obs_Gyne
#Obs_Gyne
-Sinciput is the area lying in front of the anterior fontanel and corresponds to the area of brow and the occiput is limited to the occipital bone.
#Obs_Gyne
#Obs_Gyne
Remember:
-Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the sequence of two or more spontaneous abortions as documented by either sonography or on histopathology, before 20 weeks.
This is the updated definition.
#Obs_Gyne
-Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the sequence of two or more spontaneous abortions as documented by either sonography or on histopathology, before 20 weeks.
This is the updated definition.
#Obs_Gyne
Quick Notes
Remember: -Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the sequence of two or more spontaneous abortions as documented by either sonography or on histopathology, before 20 weeks. This is the updated definition. #Obs_Gyne
Earlier definition states prior three or more miscarriages before 24 weeks of gestation.
DEFINITION of Preterm labor (PTL):
-It is defined as one where the labor starts before the 37th completed week (<259 days), counting from the first day of the last menstrual period.
-The lower limit of gestation is not uniformly defined; whereas in developed countries it has been brought down to 20 weeks, in developing countries it is 28 weeks.
-Preterm birth is the significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality.
#Obs_Gyne
-It is defined as one where the labor starts before the 37th completed week (<259 days), counting from the first day of the last menstrual period.
-The lower limit of gestation is not uniformly defined; whereas in developed countries it has been brought down to 20 weeks, in developing countries it is 28 weeks.
-Preterm birth is the significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality.
#Obs_Gyne