Forwarded from Quick Notes
•What are the signs of Pulmonary HTN?
-Palpable P2
-Prominent ‘a’ wave in JVP
-Left parasternal heave (indicates RVH)
-Epigastric pulsation (indicates RVH)
-Loud P2 on auscultation
-Early diastolic murmur (Graham steel murmur due to PR).
#Cardiology
-Palpable P2
-Prominent ‘a’ wave in JVP
-Left parasternal heave (indicates RVH)
-Epigastric pulsation (indicates RVH)
-Loud P2 on auscultation
-Early diastolic murmur (Graham steel murmur due to PR).
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
•To diagnose AR, remember the formula of 3:
-3 pulse: Collapsing (water hammer), dancing carotid and capillary pulsation.
-3 BP: Rise of systolic, fall of diastolic and wide pulse pressure.
-3 murmur: Early diastolic murmur, Austin Flint murmur and ejection systolic murmur.
#Cardiology
-3 pulse: Collapsing (water hammer), dancing carotid and capillary pulsation.
-3 BP: Rise of systolic, fall of diastolic and wide pulse pressure.
-3 murmur: Early diastolic murmur, Austin Flint murmur and ejection systolic murmur.
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
•What is collapsing pulse, causes?
-In collapsing pulse, there is rapid upstroke and descent of pulse, seen by raising the arm above the head.
-Causes are:
1-AR (the most common cause)
2-Hyperdynamic circulation due to any cause
3-PDA
4-Rupture of sinus of Valsalva
5-Large AV communication.
#Cardiology
-In collapsing pulse, there is rapid upstroke and descent of pulse, seen by raising the arm above the head.
-Causes are:
1-AR (the most common cause)
2-Hyperdynamic circulation due to any cause
3-PDA
4-Rupture of sinus of Valsalva
5-Large AV communication.
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
•What are the causes of high volume pulse?
1-Aortic regurgitation
2-Hypertension
3-Hyperdynamic circulation due to any cause (severe anemia, thyrotoxicosis, AV fistula, fever, Beriberi, pregnancy, P. disease etc.)
4-PDA.
#Cardiology
1-Aortic regurgitation
2-Hypertension
3-Hyperdynamic circulation due to any cause (severe anemia, thyrotoxicosis, AV fistula, fever, Beriberi, pregnancy, P. disease etc.)
4-PDA.
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
•Why this is called Water hammer pulse?
-The name originated from a Victorian toy, consisted of a sealed tube, half filled with water and half being vacuum.
-Inversion of the tube causes the fluid to fall rapidly without air resistance and strike the end like hammer blow.
#Cardiology
-The name originated from a Victorian toy, consisted of a sealed tube, half filled with water and half being vacuum.
-Inversion of the tube causes the fluid to fall rapidly without air resistance and strike the end like hammer blow.
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
•Are “high volume pulse” and “collapsing pulse” synonymous?
-Collapsing pulse is always high volume, but all high volume pulse are not collapsing..!
#Cardiology
-Collapsing pulse is always high volume, but all high volume pulse are not collapsing..!
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
What are the signs of activity in rheumatic fever?
-Persistent fever
-Tachycardia
-High ESR
-Leukocytosis
-Evidence of carditis.
#Cardiology
-Persistent fever
-Tachycardia
-High ESR
-Leukocytosis
-Evidence of carditis.
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
-When Eisenmenger’s syndrome develops, there is cyanosis, clubbing and evidence of pulmonary hypertension.
-Pansystolic murmur may disappear, because of equalization of pressure in right and left ventricle.
#Cardiology
-Pansystolic murmur may disappear, because of equalization of pressure in right and left ventricle.
#Cardiology
Forwarded from Quick Notes
•What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome?
-Pulmonary hypertension with reversal of shunt is called Eisenmenger’s syndrome.
-Causes are:
VSD
ASD
PDA
-In VSD, this occurs in early life, in PDA a little later than VSD, in ASD this occurs in adult life.
#Cardiology
-Pulmonary hypertension with reversal of shunt is called Eisenmenger’s syndrome.
-Causes are:
VSD
ASD
PDA
-In VSD, this occurs in early life, in PDA a little later than VSD, in ASD this occurs in adult life.
#Cardiology
Remember:
-Main causes of death in patients with CP are respiratory problems especially in those who have a sort of Bulbar plasy. A. pneumonia.
#Pediatrics
-Main causes of death in patients with CP are respiratory problems especially in those who have a sort of Bulbar plasy. A. pneumonia.
#Pediatrics
Remember:
-After examination in a CVS case, never forget to examine the liver to check if enlarged as in HF.
#Pediatrics
-After examination in a CVS case, never forget to examine the liver to check if enlarged as in HF.
#Pediatrics
The plantar response is extensor normally in infants less than one year,why?
-Because cortex is still not fully developed.
-As the cortex develops, the pyramidal tract inhibits this extensor response, so the plantar response becomes ftexor by 1 year of age. Any condition which inhibits the cortex or the pyramidal tract leads to a plantar extensor response.
#Pediatrics
-Because cortex is still not fully developed.
-As the cortex develops, the pyramidal tract inhibits this extensor response, so the plantar response becomes ftexor by 1 year of age. Any condition which inhibits the cortex or the pyramidal tract leads to a plantar extensor response.
#Pediatrics
Remember:
-Birth History details should be taken in all children aged less than 2 years or when these details are relevant to the child’s current problem such as CHD, CP.. etc
-Head circumference should be measured in children under 36 months, or when the size of child's head warrants concern.
-MUAC should not be measured in infants less than 6 months!
-Meningeal irritation signs should not be done in patients less than 18 month.
-Trachea in chest examination also percussion and palpation-except apex beat determination- should not be palpated in patients less than 2 years because their neck is short.
-JVP can not be assessed in children less than 2 years due to the same cause mentioned above.
-Plantar reflex is usually extensor in infants less than one year. Normal.
#Pediatrics
-Birth History details should be taken in all children aged less than 2 years or when these details are relevant to the child’s current problem such as CHD, CP.. etc
-Head circumference should be measured in children under 36 months, or when the size of child's head warrants concern.
-MUAC should not be measured in infants less than 6 months!
-Meningeal irritation signs should not be done in patients less than 18 month.
-Trachea in chest examination also percussion and palpation-except apex beat determination- should not be palpated in patients less than 2 years because their neck is short.
-JVP can not be assessed in children less than 2 years due to the same cause mentioned above.
-Plantar reflex is usually extensor in infants less than one year. Normal.
#Pediatrics
-Except in emergencies, you should routinely measure the child’s weight and height or length and plot them on an appropriate growth chart in every physical examination of a child.
-Use an infantometer to measure the supine length of children aged less than 2 years or of those with a handicap.
-Use a stadiometer to measure the standing height of children older than 2 years of age.
-Head circumference represents the growth of the child’s brain.
-MUAC is measured in left arm or the non-dominant hand.
#Pediatrics
-Use an infantometer to measure the supine length of children aged less than 2 years or of those with a handicap.
-Use a stadiometer to measure the standing height of children older than 2 years of age.
-Head circumference represents the growth of the child’s brain.
-MUAC is measured in left arm or the non-dominant hand.
#Pediatrics