Interpretation of 1-min Apgar Score

•From 0 to 3 indicates severe birth asphyxia; it requires immediate resuscitation and care in the NICU.

•From 4 to 6 indicates moderate birth asphyxia and requires close observation.

•From 8 to 10 indicates excellent condition (no birth asphyxia).

Normal children have temperature between (36.5 -37.5 °C).

-What are the absolute contraindications of breastfeeding?
In babies having galactosemia or phenylketonuria.

FALSE-POSITIVE (NO FETAL ACIDOSIS OR HYPOXIA;
LOW APGAR SCORE)
Prematurity
Analgesics, narcotics, sedatives
Magnesium sulfate
Acute cerebral trauma
Precipitous delivery
Congenital myopathy
Congenital neuropathy
Spinal cord trauma
Central nervous system anomaly
Lung anomaly (diaphragmatic hernia)
Airway obstruction (choanal atresia)
Congenital pneumonia and sepsis
Previous episodes of fetal asphyxia (recovered)
Hemorrhage-hypovolemia
FALSE-NEGATIVE (ACIDOSIS; NORMAL APGAR SCORE)
Maternal acidosis
High fetal catecholamine levels
Some full-term infants

*Regardless of the etiology, a low Apgar score because of fetal asphyxia,immaturity, central nervous system depression, or airway obstruction identifies
an infant needing immediate resuscitation.

Q1) If a 7-years old child is not yet vaccined ,can we give all types of vaccination?
Yes ,except pertusis vaccine as the incidence of encephalopathy is high in such
cases.
Q2) What type of vaccine that should be given to an immuno-copromised child?
All types except live attenuated vaccine.
Q3) Why polio vaccine is given in the posterior aspect of the tongue?
To guarantee that the child will swallow and won't throw it.
Q4) oral polio vaccine is given in developing countries & not in developed
countries?
Because it provides 3 stations of immunity which is needed in such societies.
Q5) Is BCG a good way to control TB?
No , but it is used only to prevent it (never to be adopted in TB control
strategies).

Degrees of Consanguinity

First degree: parents, siblings (brothers and sisters), or children (sons and daughters). First-degree relatives share 50% of their genes.

Second degree: uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, grandparents, grandchildren, or half-siblings. Second-degree relatives share 25% of their genes.

Third degree: first-cousins, great-grandparents,  or great-grandchildren.Third-degree relatives share 12.5% of their genes.

معلومات قد تفيدك
ايش الفائدة من لقاح BCG
مع انه لا يحمي من الاصابة بالمرض؟
منع المضاعفات التي قد تحدث عند اصابة الطفل في السنة الاولى من عمره والتي تشمل:
TB meningitis
Miliary tuberculosis

١)في مره سؤال خصوصا اذا كانت حالتك measles في طفل عمره اقل من 9 أشهر

ليش الطفل مصاب بال measles وع أساس فيه
natural immunity ?? Because of
- Not enough Breast feeding
- Mother isn't immunized( no vaccine & previous infection)
- pt. is immunocompromised


٢) ليش يجيبوا مع لقاح ال measles
Vit.A???

- because" vit. A helps in epithelization of respiratory tract ...


٣)ليش ما نجيب ال Rota vaccine بعد ال ٨ أشهر ؟؟

Because" it increases the risk of intussusception.

Differences in Pneumonia, effusion, Pnx.

#Pediatrics

Causes of CHF in different age groups.

#Pediatrics

Rheumatic fever vs Rheumatoid arthritis.

#Pediatrics

Innocent vs Organic murmur.

#Pediatrics

Complications,Adverse effects of Rotavirus vaccine:

-Increased risk of intussusception, in prelicensure trials, RV5 was associated with a very small but statistically significant increased risk of vomiting and diarrhea, and RV1 with a similarly small but significant increased risk of cough or runny nose.

#Pediatrics

-Rotavirus is the leading cause of hospitalization and death from acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide.

#Pediatrics

Leukaemias are the most common type of childhood cancers. ALL.

#Pediatrics

Remember:

-Flank is the part of the abdomen that lies at the sides between the costal margin and the ilium.

-It is usually free and slightly curved inwards in normal children.

-Fullness of flanks is seen in abdominal distension due to any cause such as ascites.

#Pediatrics

Loin: Lies between the last rib and iliac crest and from vertebral column to flank.
Flank: It's the lateral aspect of loin.

#Pediatrics

Remember:

-A palpable spleen is always abnormal.

-It has been observed that the spleen should be about three times its normal size to be palpable clinically!

#Pediatrics

Liver span:

At birth:5.6-5.9 cm
2 months: 5 cm
6-12 yr: 9 cm

Adolescents
8-10 in girls
10-12 in boys.

#Pediatrics