Remember:

-Skin of a post-term infant:
Pale, wrinkled, peeling, no lanugo hair with or without meconium staining.

-Skin of a preterm infant:
Thin, pink, shiny, with little SC fat, covered with lanugo hair.

#Pediatrics

Remember:

Infants with congenital nephrotic syndrome commonly have:
-markedly elevated maternal serum α-fetoprotein concentration,
-a large placenta,
-wide cranial sutures, and
-delayed ossification
-recurrent infections
-reduced C3 and IG
-poor prognosis not respond to steroids
-age of onset less than 3 yrs
-positive family history.


#Pediatrics

KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME clinical features.

#Pediatrics

Simple vs Complex partial seizures.

#Pediatrics

Remember:
Volume of pulse is best assessed in the carotids.

#Pediatrics

Remember

-Chronic clubbing develops in about 6 months in cyanotic heart diseases such as tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

-In bronchiectasis, it may take about 1 year for the clubbing to develop.

#Pediatrics

Remember:

-Acute clubbing (develop1 within 2-3 week):

• Suppurative lung disorders (in lung abscess).
• Infective endocarditis
• Mesothelioma.

#Pediatrics

Remember:

Note: animal milk such as that of cow or goat is called unmodified formula while that of powder is called modified.

#Pediatrics

What are the differences between SCA and Thalassaemia?

#Pediatrics

What are differences between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor?

Most common cause according to age.

Test to assess difference between Nephrotic syndrome and Kwashiorkor?

-Check Proteinuria.

There is no Proteinuria in Kwashiorkor!
There is no hyperlipidemia in Kwashiorkor. Cholesterol levels and triglycerides are reduced in Kwashiorkor while high in NS.
Others including clinical features of Kwashiorkor.

#Pediatrics

What are the differences between Upper motor neuron and LMN lesion?

#Pediatrics

د. الصلوي:

•أيش تحس في الـ pulmonary area؟
-Palpable sound which is called diastolic shock in pulmonary dilatation as a result of pulmonary hypertension.

•الـ comment كامل على الـ VSD murmur:

-Site of maximum intensity 👉🏻Left parasternal area "3&4th"
-Propagation 👉🏻 whole precordium
-Character 👉🏻 harsh
-Timing "👉🏻 Pansystolic or holosystolic
-Thrill and grade 👉🏻" grades 1-3 are without thrill and grades 4-6 with thrill "
-Type 👉🏻 organic "مش ضروري نقولها"

نعلق هكذا:
Pansystolic harsh murmur, maximum intensity over the left parasternal area propagated to the whole precordium, it is organic of grade I/III with no thrill.

هذا أهم murmur في CVS in pediatrics.

•pneuomoina👉 أيش الفرق بين loble and bronchial pneuomonia 👉 types organism cause?

Types:
Lobar pneumonia:
Localized to one or more lobes which are completely consolidated .
Bronchopneumonia:
The inflammation is centered in the bronchioles which causes patchy consolidation of the adjacent lobules.

Causative organism:
Lobar pneumonia:
Bacterial only
Bronchopneumonia
Bacterial and viral

د. الشهاري:
• اذكري ال D. D لل measles؟
-It is the differential Diagnosis of Maculopapular rash which may be:
Viral causes:
Measles
Rubella
Roseola infantum
Erythema infectiosum

Or bacterial infections:
Scarlet fever
Typhoid fever
Meningococcaemia

•ايش الفرق بين measles & rubella؟

الـ Fever:
Measles:
High grade fever
Gradual drop
Rubella:
Low grade fever
Sudde drop
الـ Rash duration:
Measles:
About 5-7 days
Rubella:
2-3 days
وغيره، المهم، أهم شيء يقولوا:
In rubella post auricular and occipital lymph nodes are enlarged and tender which appear one day before rash and last for up 1 week.

•متى يعطوا لقاح ال measles؟
-الشهر التاسع
•ليش بيعطوا لقاح ال measles في الشهر التاسع . (ايش السبب انهم ما بيعطوه قبل الشهر التاسع)؟
-B'coz maternal antibodies against measles which are transferred through placenta persist up to 6-9 months of age if the vaccination started before this age ,the circulating antibodies may neutralize these antigens.
ويبطل مفعول اللقاح.

•ليش بيحصل photophobia في ال measles؟
-Due to Conjunctivitis

•ليش بيحصل cough في ال measles؟
-لأنه complicated بـ chest infections.
قال الدكتور لا قبل ما يحصل complications:
لأن الـ virus موجود في الـ throat و يفعل activation للـ cough reflex ، وبالتالي يحصل هذا.
وقد تكون bronchitis.


•اين تظهر ال craniotabes؟
-Rickets, Premature baby, hydrocephalus, syphilis, thalassemia and marasmus.

•متى تظهر الـ koplik spot؟
-On the 3d or 4th day of fever

•وبعد ذلك قال كم تستمر فتره infection period في ال measles؟
-7 days before and 7 or 5 days after rash.

د. البهلولي:

•ماهن الـ chronic diseases اللي تسأل الأم عنها حصلت لها خلال الحمل؟
Heart diseases, D.M., hypertension, T.B,etc

• كم جرع الـ Tetanus vaccine ومتى وأين؟
-في الصفحة فوق.
I.M. in the deltoid muscle.

•Drugs should not used during pregnancy?
-على حسب الـ categories حق العلاج وكذا الـ trimester حق الحمل.
X- Contraindicated"Absolute"
Temazepam, Thalidomide, Leflunomide, Isotretinoin.

D-Contraindicated
Tetracycline, phyentoin, paroxetine, diclofenac in 3d trimester, aspirin in third trimester.
وكذلك warfarin, alcohol, lithium.. إلخ

•أيش هو الـ "pentavalent vaccine"؟
Combination of DTP" diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis" Hepatitis B vaccine, Haemophilus b vaccine.
الاسم التجاري "Pentavac" أو "Quinvaxem".

•أضافوا سادس،ماهو؟
-حسب ماموجود في ملخص البهلولي:
Pentavalent vaccine +Pneumococcal

لكن حسب اللي هي ما هو في
" Infanrix hexa vaccine" or 6 in 1 in UK:
Pentavalent vaccine + Hepatitis B vaccine
•أيش سمعت في ال Chest وكيف لما عرفت انهو Wheezing؟
-لأنه يجي مع الـ expiration أكثر شي، و كذلك high pitched و continous musical.

•متى تظهر الـ Scar حق الـ BCG؟
-تظهر بعد شهرين!
الـ course :
-The wheal of injection disappears in 30 minutes.
-2 to 3 weeks later a nodule forms which indurates and froms a specifical abscess. It ulcerates and heals in 4-6 weeks.
-The whole process is completed in 2 months and leaves a scar.

في ملخص الدكتور كاتب تظهر بعد ٤-٦ أسابيع.

•أيش الـ Drug للـحامل نعطيه؟ الجرعة؟ وليش؟
-Folic acid 5mg tablets.
-Prevention of neural tube defects "The most common forms are anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele."

Note:
In those in the high-risk group who wish to become pregnant :
5 mg daily, to be taken before conception and until week 12 of pregnancy.
الدكتور الصلوي قال ندي لها قبل ما تحمل بثلاثة أشهر!

•ماهو الفرق بين ال Tetanus vaccine الذي تاخذه المرأة وهي طفلة والتحصين الذي تاخذه خلال ال childbearing؟
-Tetanus vaccine during childhood 👉🏻to protect herself
-Tetanus vaccine during childbearing👉🏻 to protect her baby.

•vaccination tetnusتركيبه عباره عن ايش?
-Toxin
"Tetanus toxoid" which is prepared by inactivating the toxin with formaldehyde.

•2 emergency diseases caused by h influenza?
-Acute Epiglottitis
-Pneumonia and sepsis
بعضهم يضيفوا meningitis.

-Infection: HIV, rubella, syphilis, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis, etc.
– Illnesses: Anemia, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, heart diseases, etc.
– Abnormal vaginal bleeding
– Trauma
•Examples of toxins and teratogens: Alcohol, phenytoin, warfarin, tetracycline, narcotics, etc.
• Maternal smoking is associated with low birth weight and increased risk of
obesity and diabetes in the offspring.
•Exposure to radiation.


هذولاء قالوا اللي يعنيهن الدكتور البهلولي بالـ chronic diseases.

Note:

Neural tube defects represent a group of congenital defects, caused by incomplete closure of the neural tube within 28 days of conception.
The most common forms are anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele.
The main risk factors are maternal folate deficiency, maternal vitamin B12 deficiency, previous history of having an infant with a neural tube defect, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and use of antiepileptic drugs.

Lobar pneumonia:
Unilateral affection of one or more lobes,mostly cause by bacteria,chest x-ray shows lobar consolidation
Bronchopbeumonia:
Bilateral affection of both lungs with small foci,cause bacterial or viral,chest x-ray shows fine nodular or patchy infiltration .

جميل
ولو قلك ممكن يستخدم vaccine قبل 9 month
Says yes,if the mother shows negative history of infection of measles or negative history of vaccination.