-Gall stone may obstruct the ileum leading to what called- Gall stone ileus.
Or
-Leads to gastric outlet obstruction is called- Bouverte's syndrome.
#Surgery
Or
-Leads to gastric outlet obstruction is called- Bouverte's syndrome.
#Surgery
Triple asessment of the breast:
1-History and examination
2-US and Mammography
3-Trucut biopsy.
Good exposure in breast examination is from umbilicus upward,Why?
-Because the lymph from the level of umbilicus upward comes to axilla.
#Surgery
1-History and examination
2-US and Mammography
3-Trucut biopsy.
Good exposure in breast examination is from umbilicus upward,Why?
-Because the lymph from the level of umbilicus upward comes to axilla.
#Surgery
•Murphy's Triad:
-It is associated with acute appendicitis, a medical emergency which presents with:
1-Lower right abdominal pain
2-Nausea and vomiting
3-Fever.
•Murphy's sign:
-It is useful for differentiating pain in the right upper quadrant.
-Typically, it is positive in acute cholecystitis, but negative in choledocholithiasis, pyelonephritis, and ascending cholangitis.
•Murphy's test
-It is a costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that results from touching the region inside of the costovertebral angle.
•Murphy's drip:
-It is a rectal infusion apparatus to administer the medical procedure of proctoclysis, also known as rectoclysis.
#Surgery
-It is associated with acute appendicitis, a medical emergency which presents with:
1-Lower right abdominal pain
2-Nausea and vomiting
3-Fever.
•Murphy's sign:
-It is useful for differentiating pain in the right upper quadrant.
-Typically, it is positive in acute cholecystitis, but negative in choledocholithiasis, pyelonephritis, and ascending cholangitis.
•Murphy's test
-It is a costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that results from touching the region inside of the costovertebral angle.
•Murphy's drip:
-It is a rectal infusion apparatus to administer the medical procedure of proctoclysis, also known as rectoclysis.
#Surgery
•Hartmann's procedure:
-It is the surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the anorectal stump and formation of an end colostomy.
•Hartmann's solution:
-Is Ringer's lactate solution.
•Hartmann's pouch:
-Dilated infandibulum of Gall bladder.
#Surgery
-It is the surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the anorectal stump and formation of an end colostomy.
•Hartmann's solution:
-Is Ringer's lactate solution.
•Hartmann's pouch:
-Dilated infandibulum of Gall bladder.
#Surgery
-Trauma to knee joint then after one to five days swelling is developed this indicates synovial effusion .
-Trauma to knee joint then after 5 minutes swelling is devloped this indicates hemarthrosis.
-Trauma to knee joint with wounds then after 2 weeks swelling is devloped with pain, tendrness, redness, fever ,limitation of movement this indicates abscess.
-Trauma to soft tissues then swelling is devloped this indicates hematoma.
#Surgery
-Trauma to knee joint then after 5 minutes swelling is devloped this indicates hemarthrosis.
-Trauma to knee joint with wounds then after 2 weeks swelling is devloped with pain, tendrness, redness, fever ,limitation of movement this indicates abscess.
-Trauma to soft tissues then swelling is devloped this indicates hematoma.
#Surgery
Surgical Triads
1. Shock Triad :
-Hypotention ( leading to hypoperfusion of tissues )+ tachycardia + low urine output.
2. Triad of death :
-Hypocoaugulopathy + acidosis + hypothermia.
3. Virchow Triad:
-Endothelial damage + venous stasis + hypercoagulability.
4. Charcot's Triad ( obstructive jaundice ) :
-Upper abdominal pain + fever + juandice.
-Reynold pentad = Charcot triad + shock + nervous disturbances "AMS".
5. Beck's Triad ( cardiac tamponade ):
-Hypotention + ↑ JVP + soft heart sounds.
6. Whipple's Triad ( insulinoma ) :
-Symptoms of hypoglycemia + FBS< 50 + relief after eating.
7. Cushing's Triad (↑ICP):
-Badycardia + irregular breathing + ↑pulse pressure
8. Samter's Triad :
-Asthma + aspirin allergy + nasal polyps.
9. Unhappy Triad ( knee major injury ) :
-Anterior cruciate lig +medial collateral ligament +medial meniscus.
10. Sandbolm Triad ( hemobilia ) :
-Obstructive jaundice + biliary colic + melena.
11. Dieulafoy triad ( acute appendicitis ) :
-Hyperasthesia + tenderness + guarding over McBurney point.
12. Bergman triad ( fat emboli syndrome ) :
-Petechia + dyspnea + mental changes.
13. Meckler triad (Boerhaav syndrome ):
-Hematemesis + abdominal &chest pain + emphysema.
14. Saint triad :
-Hiatal hernia + gall stones + diverticulosis.
15. Tetany triad :
-Convulsion + carpopedal spasms + stridor.
16. Plummer-Vinson triad :
-Dysphagia + Iron DA + esophageal webs.
#Surgery
1. Shock Triad :
-Hypotention ( leading to hypoperfusion of tissues )+ tachycardia + low urine output.
2. Triad of death :
-Hypocoaugulopathy + acidosis + hypothermia.
3. Virchow Triad:
-Endothelial damage + venous stasis + hypercoagulability.
4. Charcot's Triad ( obstructive jaundice ) :
-Upper abdominal pain + fever + juandice.
-Reynold pentad = Charcot triad + shock + nervous disturbances "AMS".
5. Beck's Triad ( cardiac tamponade ):
-Hypotention + ↑ JVP + soft heart sounds.
6. Whipple's Triad ( insulinoma ) :
-Symptoms of hypoglycemia + FBS< 50 + relief after eating.
7. Cushing's Triad (↑ICP):
-Badycardia + irregular breathing + ↑pulse pressure
8. Samter's Triad :
-Asthma + aspirin allergy + nasal polyps.
9. Unhappy Triad ( knee major injury ) :
-Anterior cruciate lig +medial collateral ligament +medial meniscus.
10. Sandbolm Triad ( hemobilia ) :
-Obstructive jaundice + biliary colic + melena.
11. Dieulafoy triad ( acute appendicitis ) :
-Hyperasthesia + tenderness + guarding over McBurney point.
12. Bergman triad ( fat emboli syndrome ) :
-Petechia + dyspnea + mental changes.
13. Meckler triad (Boerhaav syndrome ):
-Hematemesis + abdominal &chest pain + emphysema.
14. Saint triad :
-Hiatal hernia + gall stones + diverticulosis.
15. Tetany triad :
-Convulsion + carpopedal spasms + stridor.
16. Plummer-Vinson triad :
-Dysphagia + Iron DA + esophageal webs.
#Surgery
-WBC's increase normally after operation and it is due to surgical trauma within 48 hours, but after 48h it is called pathological rising of WBC.
#Surgery
#Surgery
Most common eponymous surgical procedures :
Name of procedure ➡️ used for treatment of.
1. Nissen fundoplication ➡️ GERD other fundoplications include ➡️Toupet , Dor , Belsy fundoplications
2. Ramstedt's pyleroplasty ➡️congenital pyloric stenosis
-In adults there are➡️ Bilroth's 1&2 , heineke-mikulicz , Polya , Jaboulay's
3. Heller's myotomy ➡️ Achalasia
4. Ivor-Lewis ➡️ esophagogastric resection for cancer
5. Collis ➡️ lengthening of esophagus for esophageal stricture to do nissen fundoplication
6. Roux-en-Y ➡️ small intestine anastomosis in many GIT procedures
7. Whipple's ➡️ pancreatic adenocarcinoma
8. Kasai ➡️ pediatric biliary atresia
9. Hastedt's ➡️ inguinal hernia , radical mastectomy
10. Hartmann's ➡️ rectosigmoid cancer removal + closure of rectal stump + colostomy
11. Miles , Paul ➡️ rectal cancer
12. Mayo repair ➡️ Umbilical hernia
13. Silo repair ➡️ omphalocele , gastroischesis
14. Lord's ➡️ hemorrhoids , scrotal hydrocele
15. Jaboulay-Winkemann ➡️ scrotal hydrocele
16. Foley , Anderson-hynes ➡️ UPJ obstruction
17. Lodd's ➡️ small intestine malrotation in infants
18. Sistrunk ➡️ thyroglossal cyst
19. Killian ➡️ frontal sinusitis
20. Hadfield's ➡️ breast ductal ectasia
21. Moh's ➡️ basal cell carcinoma &squamous cell carcinoma of skin
22. Homan's ➡️ ligation of femoral vein to prevent PE from DVT
23. Trendelenburg ➡️ Pulmonary embolectomy of PE
24. Greenfield filter ➡️ IVC filter to prevent PE from DVT
25. Bankart repair ➡️ recurrent shoulder dislocation
#Surgery
Name of procedure ➡️ used for treatment of.
1. Nissen fundoplication ➡️ GERD other fundoplications include ➡️Toupet , Dor , Belsy fundoplications
2. Ramstedt's pyleroplasty ➡️congenital pyloric stenosis
-In adults there are➡️ Bilroth's 1&2 , heineke-mikulicz , Polya , Jaboulay's
3. Heller's myotomy ➡️ Achalasia
4. Ivor-Lewis ➡️ esophagogastric resection for cancer
5. Collis ➡️ lengthening of esophagus for esophageal stricture to do nissen fundoplication
6. Roux-en-Y ➡️ small intestine anastomosis in many GIT procedures
7. Whipple's ➡️ pancreatic adenocarcinoma
8. Kasai ➡️ pediatric biliary atresia
9. Hastedt's ➡️ inguinal hernia , radical mastectomy
10. Hartmann's ➡️ rectosigmoid cancer removal + closure of rectal stump + colostomy
11. Miles , Paul ➡️ rectal cancer
12. Mayo repair ➡️ Umbilical hernia
13. Silo repair ➡️ omphalocele , gastroischesis
14. Lord's ➡️ hemorrhoids , scrotal hydrocele
15. Jaboulay-Winkemann ➡️ scrotal hydrocele
16. Foley , Anderson-hynes ➡️ UPJ obstruction
17. Lodd's ➡️ small intestine malrotation in infants
18. Sistrunk ➡️ thyroglossal cyst
19. Killian ➡️ frontal sinusitis
20. Hadfield's ➡️ breast ductal ectasia
21. Moh's ➡️ basal cell carcinoma &squamous cell carcinoma of skin
22. Homan's ➡️ ligation of femoral vein to prevent PE from DVT
23. Trendelenburg ➡️ Pulmonary embolectomy of PE
24. Greenfield filter ➡️ IVC filter to prevent PE from DVT
25. Bankart repair ➡️ recurrent shoulder dislocation
#Surgery
-The most common site of atherosclerotic occlusion in the lower extremities is the proximal superficial femoral artery.
-The most common site at which arterial emboli lodge in lower extremities is common femoral bifurcation.
-The most important prognostic sign of acute ischemia of limb is Muscle turgor.
-The most frequent cause of arterial embolism is Atrial fibrillation.
-The most common cause of true aneurysm is Atherosclerosis.
#Surgery
-The most common site at which arterial emboli lodge in lower extremities is common femoral bifurcation.
-The most important prognostic sign of acute ischemia of limb is Muscle turgor.
-The most frequent cause of arterial embolism is Atrial fibrillation.
-The most common cause of true aneurysm is Atherosclerosis.
#Surgery
-First thing to do it in case of acute lower limb ischemia is giving the patient heparin to avoid clot propagation.
-First thing to do it in case of diabetic patient come with on toe gangrene is chicking the pedal pulse.
-First drug described for Raynaud's disease is Calcium channel blocker.
#Surgery
-First thing to do it in case of diabetic patient come with on toe gangrene is chicking the pedal pulse.
-First drug described for Raynaud's disease is Calcium channel blocker.
#Surgery
-The primary therapy of Buerger disease is cessation of smoking.
-Acute ischemic leg +signs of emboli (acute history ) , should do Embolectomy.
-Acute ischemic leg + signs of thrombus (chronic history ) , Thrombolize.
-Chronic ischemic leg +short occlusion, we do angioplasty.
-Chronic ischemic leg + long occlusion , we do Bypass graft.
#Surgery
-Acute ischemic leg +signs of emboli (acute history ) , should do Embolectomy.
-Acute ischemic leg + signs of thrombus (chronic history ) , Thrombolize.
-Chronic ischemic leg +short occlusion, we do angioplasty.
-Chronic ischemic leg + long occlusion , we do Bypass graft.
#Surgery
•Difference between submandibular lymph node and submandibular gland swelling:
1. Nodes usually are multiple while gland single swelling
2. Node could be over rided the body of mandible while the gland is not
3. Gland could be palpated bimanually
(From the skin and from the floor of tongue )
4.gland swelling and pain may increase during induce sour food while node show no changes
5. As the most common cause of submandibular gland swelling is duct stone we may feel it by palpation.
#Surgery
1. Nodes usually are multiple while gland single swelling
2. Node could be over rided the body of mandible while the gland is not
3. Gland could be palpated bimanually
(From the skin and from the floor of tongue )
4.gland swelling and pain may increase during induce sour food while node show no changes
5. As the most common cause of submandibular gland swelling is duct stone we may feel it by palpation.
#Surgery