Forwarded from A L M A R B I Z A I D
برشامة الplastic surgery.pdf
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برشامة الplastic surgery.pdf
Types of shock in a burned patient:
1-Hypovolemic shock:
Due loss of enormous amounts of fluid and proteins from damaged area, excessive loss of water due to evaporation, this leads to AKI.
2-Septic shock: "worst"
Bacteria will colonize the burnt area, it's very bad because it's very difficult to eradicate bacteria unless skin coverage is achieved.
3-Neurogenic shock:
It's due to severe pain.
4-Distributive shock:
This type occurs when there is a widespread dilation of blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. In burned patients, distributive shock can be caused by the release of inflammatory mediators and the loss of fluid from damaged blood vessels.
5-Cardiogenic shock:"less"
-It happens when there is damage to the heart muscle which leads to ↓COP.
6-Obstructive shock?
In case of chest wall burns where constriction of overlying skin causes respiratory distress.
#Surgery
1-Hypovolemic shock:
Due loss of enormous amounts of fluid and proteins from damaged area, excessive loss of water due to evaporation, this leads to AKI.
2-Septic shock: "worst"
Bacteria will colonize the burnt area, it's very bad because it's very difficult to eradicate bacteria unless skin coverage is achieved.
3-Neurogenic shock:
It's due to severe pain.
4-Distributive shock:
This type occurs when there is a widespread dilation of blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. In burned patients, distributive shock can be caused by the release of inflammatory mediators and the loss of fluid from damaged blood vessels.
5-Cardiogenic shock:"less"
-It happens when there is damage to the heart muscle which leads to ↓COP.
6-Obstructive shock?
In case of chest wall burns where constriction of overlying skin causes respiratory distress.
#Surgery
Remember:
-MC cause of death in burns: Septicemia.
-MC cause of early death in burns: Hypovolemic shock.
-MC cause of late death in burns: Septicemia.
#Surgery
-MC cause of death in burns: Septicemia.
-MC cause of early death in burns: Hypovolemic shock.
-MC cause of late death in burns: Septicemia.
#Surgery
Pseudoarthrosis=pseudo-joint bw 2 fragments of bone# with cartilage formation bw them, as a result of farcture nonunion.
Arthrodesis=(artificial syndesis or ankylosis) it is an artificial induction of joint ossification bw 2 bones by surgery used to relieve intractable joint pain which can't be managed by pain medications, splint or other treatments.(causes of such pain are #s with joint disruption, severe sprain, arthritis of spine, hand, foot)
Arthroscopy is an endoscope inserted into the joint through small incision for diagnostic or sometimes therapeutic purposes)
Arthroplasty(prosthetic replacement of the joint) indications:
-OA osteoarthrritis
-RA
-AVN avascular necrosis
-CHD congenital hip dislocation
-traumatized or malaligned joint
-Joint stiffness
Arthrodesis=(artificial syndesis or ankylosis) it is an artificial induction of joint ossification bw 2 bones by surgery used to relieve intractable joint pain which can't be managed by pain medications, splint or other treatments.(causes of such pain are #s with joint disruption, severe sprain, arthritis of spine, hand, foot)
Arthroscopy is an endoscope inserted into the joint through small incision for diagnostic or sometimes therapeutic purposes)
Arthroplasty(prosthetic replacement of the joint) indications:
-OA osteoarthrritis
-RA
-AVN avascular necrosis
-CHD congenital hip dislocation
-traumatized or malaligned joint
-Joint stiffness
Quick Notes
Pseudoarthrosis=pseudo-joint bw 2 fragments of bone# with cartilage formation bw them, as a result of farcture nonunion. Arthrodesis=(artificial syndesis or ankylosis) it is an artificial induction of joint ossification bw 2 bones by surgery used to relieve…
Pseudoarthrosis: is a form of non-union due to formation of an adventitious bursa (i.e. bursa in an abnormal site) between the
sclerosed ends of the fragments with formation of a new joint with a new range of mobility .
sclerosed ends of the fragments with formation of a new joint with a new range of mobility .
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Most Important Tests of Synovial Fluid:
(3 C's)
-Culture and gram stain
-Cell count and differential
-Crystal examination (protein, LDH, glucose less helpful)
#Medicine
(3 C's)
-Culture and gram stain
-Cell count and differential
-Crystal examination (protein, LDH, glucose less helpful)
#Medicine
Quick Notes
Most Important Tests of Synovial Fluid: (3 C's) -Culture and gram stain -Cell count and differential -Crystal examination (protein, LDH, glucose less helpful) #Medicine
It is Arthrocentesis:
-Aspiration of synovial joints is performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
-Synovial joints are aspirated for myriad reasons, the most common of which include:
1. To rule out infection
2. To diagnose arthropathies
3. To relieve pain.
#Surgery
-Aspiration of synovial joints is performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
-Synovial joints are aspirated for myriad reasons, the most common of which include:
1. To rule out infection
2. To diagnose arthropathies
3. To relieve pain.
#Surgery
Kocher's criteria of septic arthritis
A point is given for each of the four following criteria:
•Non-weight-bearing on affected side
•Erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 40
•Fever > 38.5 °C
•White blood cell count > 12,000
Score👉🏻 Likelihood of septic arthritis
1👉🏻 3%
2👉🏻 40%
3👉🏻 93%
4👉🏻 99%
A point is given for each of the four following criteria:
•Non-weight-bearing on affected side
•Erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 40
•Fever > 38.5 °C
•White blood cell count > 12,000
Score👉🏻 Likelihood of septic arthritis
1👉🏻 3%
2👉🏻 40%
3👉🏻 93%
4👉🏻 99%
Quick Notes
Kocher's criteria of septic arthritis A point is given for each of the four following criteria: •Non-weight-bearing on affected side •Erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 40 •Fever > 38.5 °C •White blood cell count > 12,000 Score👉🏻 Likelihood of septic arthritis…
This is in adults, the difference is only ESR due to age variant.
الدفعة الـ 20
surgery writing questions..pdf
X-ray findings in Osteoarthritis:
1-Joint space narrowing "1st"
2-Subchondral sclerosis
3-Osteophytes
4-Cysts.
#Surgery
1-Joint space narrowing "1st"
2-Subchondral sclerosis
3-Osteophytes
4-Cysts.
#Surgery
الدفعة الـ 20
surgery writing questions..pdf
X-ray findings in case of Charcot's joint:
They are similar of osteoarthritis.
1-Bone fragmentation
2-Bone destruction
3-New bone growth
4-Loss of joint space
5-Large osteophytes may be present
6-Parrot's beak"Large curved osteophytes that present in spine".
7-Scattered chunks "pieces" of bone.
#Surgery
They are similar of osteoarthritis.
1-Bone fragmentation
2-Bone destruction
3-New bone growth
4-Loss of joint space
5-Large osteophytes may be present
6-Parrot's beak"Large curved osteophytes that present in spine".
7-Scattered chunks "pieces" of bone.
#Surgery
Talus fracture classification:
1-Lateral talar process fracture "Snowboarding injuries"
2-Posterior process fracture
3-Head fracture
4-Body fracture
5-Talar neck fracture
6-Osteochondral Talar dome fracture.
#Surgery
1-Lateral talar process fracture "Snowboarding injuries"
2-Posterior process fracture
3-Head fracture
4-Body fracture
5-Talar neck fracture
6-Osteochondral Talar dome fracture.
#Surgery
Pattellar dislocation Classification:
-Reduced vs Unreduced
-Congenital vs Acquired
-Acute vs Chronic
-Lateral, medial, Superior, Intra-articular.
#Surgery
-Reduced vs Unreduced
-Congenital vs Acquired
-Acute vs Chronic
-Lateral, medial, Superior, Intra-articular.
#Surgery
Thombson test:
In Achilles tendon rupture:
-With no rupture, squeezing the calf causes active planter Flexion of the foot.
-With rupture, it's negative.
#Surgery
In Achilles tendon rupture:
-With no rupture, squeezing the calf causes active planter Flexion of the foot.
-With rupture, it's negative.
#Surgery