Symptoms and Signs of advanced Gastric cancer:
Symptoms:
1-In advanced cancer, early satiety, bloating, distension and vomiting may occur.
2-The tumour frequently bleeds, resulting in iron-deficiency anaemia.
3-Obstruction leads to dysphagia, epigastric fullness or vomiting.
4-Metastatic lymph nodes may be palpable, most notably in the left supraclavicular fossa.
5-Virchow’s node, Troisier’s sign.
6-Non-metastatic effects of malignancy are seen, particularly thrombophlebitis (Trousseau’s sign) and deep venous thrombosis.
Signs of advanced cancer:
1- Virchow's LN
2-Jaundice
3-Ascites
4-Tumour'Blummer‘s shelf’. 5-Krukenberg’s tumor.
6-Sister Joseph’s nodule.
#رمزي
Symptoms:
1-In advanced cancer, early satiety, bloating, distension and vomiting may occur.
2-The tumour frequently bleeds, resulting in iron-deficiency anaemia.
3-Obstruction leads to dysphagia, epigastric fullness or vomiting.
4-Metastatic lymph nodes may be palpable, most notably in the left supraclavicular fossa.
5-Virchow’s node, Troisier’s sign.
6-Non-metastatic effects of malignancy are seen, particularly thrombophlebitis (Trousseau’s sign) and deep venous thrombosis.
Signs of advanced cancer:
1- Virchow's LN
2-Jaundice
3-Ascites
4-Tumour'Blummer‘s shelf’. 5-Krukenberg’s tumor.
6-Sister Joseph’s nodule.
#رمزي
Forwarded from A L M A R B I Z A I D
برشامة الplastic surgery.pdf
3.2 MB
برشامة الplastic surgery.pdf
Types of shock in a burned patient:
1-Hypovolemic shock:
Due loss of enormous amounts of fluid and proteins from damaged area, excessive loss of water due to evaporation, this leads to AKI.
2-Septic shock: "worst"
Bacteria will colonize the burnt area, it's very bad because it's very difficult to eradicate bacteria unless skin coverage is achieved.
3-Neurogenic shock:
It's due to severe pain.
4-Distributive shock:
This type occurs when there is a widespread dilation of blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. In burned patients, distributive shock can be caused by the release of inflammatory mediators and the loss of fluid from damaged blood vessels.
5-Cardiogenic shock:"less"
-It happens when there is damage to the heart muscle which leads to ↓COP.
6-Obstructive shock?
In case of chest wall burns where constriction of overlying skin causes respiratory distress.
#Surgery
1-Hypovolemic shock:
Due loss of enormous amounts of fluid and proteins from damaged area, excessive loss of water due to evaporation, this leads to AKI.
2-Septic shock: "worst"
Bacteria will colonize the burnt area, it's very bad because it's very difficult to eradicate bacteria unless skin coverage is achieved.
3-Neurogenic shock:
It's due to severe pain.
4-Distributive shock:
This type occurs when there is a widespread dilation of blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. In burned patients, distributive shock can be caused by the release of inflammatory mediators and the loss of fluid from damaged blood vessels.
5-Cardiogenic shock:"less"
-It happens when there is damage to the heart muscle which leads to ↓COP.
6-Obstructive shock?
In case of chest wall burns where constriction of overlying skin causes respiratory distress.
#Surgery
Remember:
-MC cause of death in burns: Septicemia.
-MC cause of early death in burns: Hypovolemic shock.
-MC cause of late death in burns: Septicemia.
#Surgery
-MC cause of death in burns: Septicemia.
-MC cause of early death in burns: Hypovolemic shock.
-MC cause of late death in burns: Septicemia.
#Surgery
Pseudoarthrosis=pseudo-joint bw 2 fragments of bone# with cartilage formation bw them, as a result of farcture nonunion.
Arthrodesis=(artificial syndesis or ankylosis) it is an artificial induction of joint ossification bw 2 bones by surgery used to relieve intractable joint pain which can't be managed by pain medications, splint or other treatments.(causes of such pain are #s with joint disruption, severe sprain, arthritis of spine, hand, foot)
Arthroscopy is an endoscope inserted into the joint through small incision for diagnostic or sometimes therapeutic purposes)
Arthroplasty(prosthetic replacement of the joint) indications:
-OA osteoarthrritis
-RA
-AVN avascular necrosis
-CHD congenital hip dislocation
-traumatized or malaligned joint
-Joint stiffness
Arthrodesis=(artificial syndesis or ankylosis) it is an artificial induction of joint ossification bw 2 bones by surgery used to relieve intractable joint pain which can't be managed by pain medications, splint or other treatments.(causes of such pain are #s with joint disruption, severe sprain, arthritis of spine, hand, foot)
Arthroscopy is an endoscope inserted into the joint through small incision for diagnostic or sometimes therapeutic purposes)
Arthroplasty(prosthetic replacement of the joint) indications:
-OA osteoarthrritis
-RA
-AVN avascular necrosis
-CHD congenital hip dislocation
-traumatized or malaligned joint
-Joint stiffness
Quick Notes
Pseudoarthrosis=pseudo-joint bw 2 fragments of bone# with cartilage formation bw them, as a result of farcture nonunion. Arthrodesis=(artificial syndesis or ankylosis) it is an artificial induction of joint ossification bw 2 bones by surgery used to relieve…
Pseudoarthrosis: is a form of non-union due to formation of an adventitious bursa (i.e. bursa in an abnormal site) between the
sclerosed ends of the fragments with formation of a new joint with a new range of mobility .
sclerosed ends of the fragments with formation of a new joint with a new range of mobility .
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Most Important Tests of Synovial Fluid:
(3 C's)
-Culture and gram stain
-Cell count and differential
-Crystal examination (protein, LDH, glucose less helpful)
#Medicine
(3 C's)
-Culture and gram stain
-Cell count and differential
-Crystal examination (protein, LDH, glucose less helpful)
#Medicine