Benign oesophageal disorders:

The pre-cancerous lesions of esophagus includes:
1-Barrett esophagus
2-Plummer vinson syndrome
3-Tylosis
4-Achalasia
5-History of corrosive injuries.

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What are the complication of peptic ulcer?
•Acute complications that occur during periods of ulcer activity·
1-Perforation.
2-Bleeding
• Chronic complications that occur insidiously:
1-Fibrous contractures of ulcers produce pyloric stenosis, and hourglass stomach.
2-Penetration.
3- Malignant transformation of a gastric ulcer
هذا حق د.الشجاع.

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Macroscopic types of gastric cancer:

1-Polypoid
2-Fungating
3-Ulcerative
4-Schirhous (linitis plastica )more aggressive .

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Short note about Warthin's tumor.

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Causes of oesophageal perforation:

1) Traumatic causes
a. Iatrogenic (most common)
b. Penetrating or blunt injury.
c. Foreign bodies.
d. Swallowing corrosives.
2) ‘Barotrauma’ (spontaneous perforation (Boerhaave syndrome ) .
3) Pathological perforation: ulcers or tumours .

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•COMPLICATIONS OF GASTRIC SURGERY:

1-Haemorrhage.
2-Stomal obstruction.
3-Biliary fistula.
4-Injury to CBD.
5-Duodenal blow out—on 4th postoperative day.
6-Pancreatitis.
7-Recurrent ulcer/stomal ulcer.
8-Gastrojejunocolic fistula.
9-Dumping syndrome (Postcibal syndrome).
10-Nutritional disturbances, diarrhoea.
11-Pulmonary tuberculosis.
12-Carcinoma in gastric remnant (after 10–15 years).
13-Gallstone formation.
14-Alkaline gastritis.
15-Afferent and efferent loop. syndrome.
16-Afferent loop obstruction-common.
17-Efferent loop obstruction.

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Post-gastroectomy complications.

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