Surface anatomy of GB : at junction between right linea semilunaris and right costal margin(tip of right 9th costal cartilage).
Linea semilunaris:
-It is the lateral border of rectus sheath extending from the pubic tubercle below to the tip ofthe 9th costal cartilage above.
#Surgery
-It is the lateral border of rectus sheath extending from the pubic tubercle below to the tip ofthe 9th costal cartilage above.
#Surgery
Linea alba:
- lt is a white line in the midline of the abdomen.
- Formed by decussation of thebaponeurosis of ext oblique,binternal oblique &transversus abdominis muscles.
- Extends from xiphoid process tobsymphysis pubis (it is not attached to pubic tubercle)
- lt is avascular.
- lt is broad in its supra-umbilical part.
(surgical importance: epigastric hernia).
#Surgery
- lt is a white line in the midline of the abdomen.
- Formed by decussation of thebaponeurosis of ext oblique,binternal oblique &transversus abdominis muscles.
- Extends from xiphoid process tobsymphysis pubis (it is not attached to pubic tubercle)
- lt is avascular.
- lt is broad in its supra-umbilical part.
(surgical importance: epigastric hernia).
#Surgery
Ducts of the Pancreas
Main pancreatic duct of Wirsung:
- lt traverses the whole length of the gland & ends by joining the CBD at the ampulla of Vater & discharges its contents through the major duodenal papilla.
-Accersory pancreatic duct of Santorini:
- Usually joins the main pancreatic duct, rarely it becomes the main duct & opens into the duodenum through the superior papilla.
#Surgery
Main pancreatic duct of Wirsung:
- lt traverses the whole length of the gland & ends by joining the CBD at the ampulla of Vater & discharges its contents through the major duodenal papilla.
-Accersory pancreatic duct of Santorini:
- Usually joins the main pancreatic duct, rarely it becomes the main duct & opens into the duodenum through the superior papilla.
#Surgery
Arcuate line:
-A crescentic line that is situated between upper 2/4 &lower 1/2 of posterior wall of rectus sheath.
#Surgery
-A crescentic line that is situated between upper 2/4 &lower 1/2 of posterior wall of rectus sheath.
#Surgery
Can Appendicitis Present with No Abdominal Pain?
-Yes. In some cases, a retrocecal appendicitis may not cause any abdominal pain. If the appendix is completely separated from the anterior abdominal peritoneum, then the patient will not develop any localizing symptoms.
#Surgery
-Yes. In some cases, a retrocecal appendicitis may not cause any abdominal pain. If the appendix is completely separated from the anterior abdominal peritoneum, then the patient will not develop any localizing symptoms.
#Surgery
The most common site of metastasis for colon cancer is the liver, whereas the most common site for rectal cancer is the lung.
#Surgery
#Surgery
Remember:
Intraoperatively, the large bowel can be identified by the taenia coli (longitudinal white line) and taenia epiploica (fat appendages). Taenia appears to splay out when the colon becomes the rectum. In contrast, the small bowel does not have these features and is much smoother than the large bowel.
#Surgery
Intraoperatively, the large bowel can be identified by the taenia coli (longitudinal white line) and taenia epiploica (fat appendages). Taenia appears to splay out when the colon becomes the rectum. In contrast, the small bowel does not have these features and is much smoother than the large bowel.
#Surgery
Types of follicular adenomas:
1-Colloid,commonest variant
2-Fetal
3-Embryonal
4-Hurthle cell
5-Hyalinising.
#Surgery
1-Colloid,commonest variant
2-Fetal
3-Embryonal
4-Hurthle cell
5-Hyalinising.
#Surgery
Nephrocalcinosis is the deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism.
#Surgery
#Surgery
Remember:
The longest nerve is the saphenous nerve, so can be used as graft, which is a branch of femoral nerve.
#Surgery
The longest nerve is the saphenous nerve, so can be used as graft, which is a branch of femoral nerve.
#Surgery
Remember:
The wall of NGT is entirely containing barium material, so it's opaque in X.ray.
However, there are some variants that only the end is containing barium.
#Surgery
The wall of NGT is entirely containing barium material, so it's opaque in X.ray.
However, there are some variants that only the end is containing barium.
#Surgery
Remember:
Mortaity effective drug treatment of heart failure :
-ACEI...45%
-BB...13%
-Mineralocorticoid antagonist
-Ivabradine.
-ARNI.
#Cardiology
Mortaity effective drug treatment of heart failure :
-ACEI...45%
-BB...13%
-Mineralocorticoid antagonist
-Ivabradine.
-ARNI.
#Cardiology
•Treatment of choice in fracture neck of femur in a 40-year-old male is Closed reduction and Internal fixation by cancellous screws.
Waddell’s triad:
-Femur fracture,
-Intra-abdominal or intrathoracic injury and
-Head injury.
-Preferred treatment in a geriatric patient that is >65 years is hemiarthroplasty. But Less than 65 is osteotomy.
#Surgery
Waddell’s triad:
-Femur fracture,
-Intra-abdominal or intrathoracic injury and
-Head injury.
-Preferred treatment in a geriatric patient that is >65 years is hemiarthroplasty. But Less than 65 is osteotomy.
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
DEXA SCANS (Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry)
-Simultaneous measurement of the passage of Xrays through the body é 2 diff.energies.
-Low Radiation, accurate, Can be performed on hip, spine, whole body, or any where
• If T score is > -1 ....................................... reassure patient
• If Tscore between (-1)&(-2)................. request DEXA of
hip/spine
• If Tscore < -2 (more -ve) ....................... treat, If monitoring required, refer for DEXA.
#Surgery
-Simultaneous measurement of the passage of Xrays through the body é 2 diff.energies.
-Low Radiation, accurate, Can be performed on hip, spine, whole body, or any where
• If T score is > -1 ....................................... reassure patient
• If Tscore between (-1)&(-2)................. request DEXA of
hip/spine
• If Tscore < -2 (more -ve) ....................... treat, If monitoring required, refer for DEXA.
#Surgery
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Brown tumor:
-The brown tumor is a bone lesion that arises in settings of excess osteoclast activity, such as hyperparathyroidism.
-They are a form of osteitis fibrosa cystica.
-It is not a neoplasm, but rather simply a mass. It most commonly affects the maxilla and mandible, though any bone may be affected.
-Brown tumours are radiolucent on x-ray.
#Surgery
-The brown tumor is a bone lesion that arises in settings of excess osteoclast activity, such as hyperparathyroidism.
-They are a form of osteitis fibrosa cystica.
-It is not a neoplasm, but rather simply a mass. It most commonly affects the maxilla and mandible, though any bone may be affected.
-Brown tumours are radiolucent on x-ray.
#Surgery