Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Forwarded from Quick Notes
Distension of bowel in case of IO:
-By gas due to:
1- Swallowed air (70%),
2-From blood in the lumen (20%),
3-From bacterial action and digestion (10%); mainly N2 and H2S.
-Due to fluid mainly of digestive juices which normally get absorbed, but in obstruction absorption ceases and accumulated fluid causes bowel distension (1500 ml saliva, 2000 ml gastric juice, 1000 ml bile, 1500 ml pancreatic juice and 3000 ml from small intestine [succus entericus]); often oedematous bowel wall further secretes more fluid into the lumen aggravating the distension.
#Surgery
-By gas due to:
1- Swallowed air (70%),
2-From blood in the lumen (20%),
3-From bacterial action and digestion (10%); mainly N2 and H2S.
-Due to fluid mainly of digestive juices which normally get absorbed, but in obstruction absorption ceases and accumulated fluid causes bowel distension (1500 ml saliva, 2000 ml gastric juice, 1000 ml bile, 1500 ml pancreatic juice and 3000 ml from small intestine [succus entericus]); often oedematous bowel wall further secretes more fluid into the lumen aggravating the distension.
#Surgery
Remember:
-Duration of double J is roughly frome 1.5 to 2 months, but the duration is variable according to the case.
-Suprapubic catheter should be inserted in full bladder not in empty bladder about finger to two finger bridths above the symphysis pubis to avoid injury of other structures in empty bladder.
-Full bladder is checked by percussion, aspiration and US.
#Surgery
-Duration of double J is roughly frome 1.5 to 2 months, but the duration is variable according to the case.
-Suprapubic catheter should be inserted in full bladder not in empty bladder about finger to two finger bridths above the symphysis pubis to avoid injury of other structures in empty bladder.
-Full bladder is checked by percussion, aspiration and US.
#Surgery
Remember:
Appendix:
•5–10 cm in size but can be variable. •Size of its lumen is that of matchstick.
•Diameter of appendix is 3–8 mm;
•Diameter of lumen is 1–3 mm (matchstick)..
-Blood supply is from appendicular artery, a branch of ileocolic artery, ileocolic artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery.
-SMA arises from the front of abdominal aorta at the level of lower border of L1.
-SMA supplies the midgut from the levelof ampulla of Vater till the right 2/3 of the transverse colon.
Branches:
1-lnferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
2-Jeiunal & ileal branches (12- 15)
3-Right colic artery
4-Middle colic artery
#Surgery
Appendix:
•5–10 cm in size but can be variable. •Size of its lumen is that of matchstick.
•Diameter of appendix is 3–8 mm;
•Diameter of lumen is 1–3 mm (matchstick)..
-Blood supply is from appendicular artery, a branch of ileocolic artery, ileocolic artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery.
-SMA arises from the front of abdominal aorta at the level of lower border of L1.
-SMA supplies the midgut from the levelof ampulla of Vater till the right 2/3 of the transverse colon.
Branches:
1-lnferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
2-Jeiunal & ileal branches (12- 15)
3-Right colic artery
4-Middle colic artery
#Surgery
Remember:
-Widest portion of colon: Cecum
-Narrowest portion of colon: Sigmoid
-MC site of colonic rupture caused by distal obstruction: Cecum
-Colon absorbs water, NaClQ; secretes K+, HCO3 and mucus
-MC site of ischemic colitis: Splenic flexure.
-Widest portion of colon: Cecum
-Narrowest portion of colon: Sigmoid
-MC site of colonic rupture caused by distal obstruction: Cecum
-Colon absorbs water, NaClQ; secretes K+, HCO3 and mucus
-MC site of ischemic colitis: Splenic flexure.
-Double-contrast barium enema is a form of contrast radiography in which x-rays of the colon and rectum are taken using two forms of contrast to make the structures easier to see.
-Barium is a silver-white metallic compound that outlines the colon and rectum on an x-ray and helps show abnormalities.
-Air is also put into the rectum and colon to further enhance the x-ray.
-Double contrast barium meal is done by giving effervescent tablets along with barium.
#Surgery
-Barium is a silver-white metallic compound that outlines the colon and rectum on an x-ray and helps show abnormalities.
-Air is also put into the rectum and colon to further enhance the x-ray.
-Double contrast barium meal is done by giving effervescent tablets along with barium.
#Surgery
Quick Notes
-Double-contrast barium enema is a form of contrast radiography in which x-rays of the colon and rectum are taken using two forms of contrast to make the structures easier to see. -Barium is a silver-white metallic compound that outlines the colon and rectum…
An example of Double-contrast barium enema.
-In barium swallow a thick solution of barium sulphate is given to the patient for swallowing.
-This is mainly done for the study of esophagus and pharynx
-In barium meal a dilute solution of barium sulphate is used (about 500 ml is given orally).
-Barium meal examinations are used to study the lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
-Barium follow through examinations are used to study the small intestine.
#Surgery
-This is mainly done for the study of esophagus and pharynx
-In barium meal a dilute solution of barium sulphate is used (about 500 ml is given orally).
-Barium meal examinations are used to study the lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
-Barium follow through examinations are used to study the small intestine.
#Surgery