-Spot diagnosis of Rabies 👉🏼Hydrophobia and negri bodies.
-Spot diagnosis of Tetanus 👉🏼Risus sardonicus.
-Spot diagnosis of Hypocalcemia👉🏼Trousseau sign and Chvostek sign.
-Spot diagnosis of Chronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis 👉🏼Grey-Turner's sign .
-Spot diagnosis of Gout👉🏼Tophi.
#Surgery
-Spot diagnosis of Tetanus 👉🏼Risus sardonicus.
-Spot diagnosis of Hypocalcemia👉🏼Trousseau sign and Chvostek sign.
-Spot diagnosis of Chronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis 👉🏼Grey-Turner's sign .
-Spot diagnosis of Gout👉🏼Tophi.
#Surgery
Strangulation occurs without intestinal obstruction in:
1-Litter's hernia
2-Richter's hernia
3-Omentum hernia.
#Surgery
1-Litter's hernia
2-Richter's hernia
3-Omentum hernia.
#Surgery
•Most common symptom of meckel's diverticulum in children is bleeding.
•Most common symptom of meckel's diverticulum in adult is intestinal obstruction.
#Surgery
•Most common symptom of meckel's diverticulum in adult is intestinal obstruction.
#Surgery
•Bacteremia👉🏼Presence of non multiplying bacteria in the blood.
•Septicemia👉🏼Presence of multiplying bacteria in the blood Plus leucocytosis.
•Toxemia👉🏼Presence of toxins in the blood.
•Pyemia👉🏼Presence of septic emboli in the blood.
#Surgery
•Septicemia👉🏼Presence of multiplying bacteria in the blood Plus leucocytosis.
•Toxemia👉🏼Presence of toxins in the blood.
•Pyemia👉🏼Presence of septic emboli in the blood.
#Surgery
📑 Epigastric pain plus
(Suggestive Dx)
📝 Epigastric pain + pain worse with food
👉 Gastric ulcer
📝 Epigastric pain + pain better with food
👉 Duodenal ulcer
📝 Epigastric pain + weight loss
👉 Gastric ulcer or cancer
📝 Epigastric pain +tenderness + radiation to back + relive by forward
👉 Pancretitis
📝 Epigastric pain + bad taste ,cough ,hoarse
👉 GERD
📝 Epigastric pain + nothing
👉 Non ulcer dyspepsia [ 90% of cases]
📝 Epigastric pain + diabetic and bloating
👉 Diabetic gastroparesis
📝 Epigastric pain+diabetic + middle or old age
👉 MI until proven otherwise
#Surgery
(Suggestive Dx)
📝 Epigastric pain + pain worse with food
👉 Gastric ulcer
📝 Epigastric pain + pain better with food
👉 Duodenal ulcer
📝 Epigastric pain + weight loss
👉 Gastric ulcer or cancer
📝 Epigastric pain +tenderness + radiation to back + relive by forward
👉 Pancretitis
📝 Epigastric pain + bad taste ,cough ,hoarse
👉 GERD
📝 Epigastric pain + nothing
👉 Non ulcer dyspepsia [ 90% of cases]
📝 Epigastric pain + diabetic and bloating
👉 Diabetic gastroparesis
📝 Epigastric pain+diabetic + middle or old age
👉 MI until proven otherwise
#Surgery
Seven steps of wound care management :
1/Assess
2/Cleanse
3/Protect
4/Fill
5/Cover
6/Secure
7/Evaluate.
#Surgery
1/Assess
2/Cleanse
3/Protect
4/Fill
5/Cover
6/Secure
7/Evaluate.
#Surgery
- Young boy, painful swollen warm left knee with no history of trauma, high fever 👉🏼acute septic arthritis.
#Surgery
#Surgery
-Old patient, hypertensive, diabetic, hematuria, solid mass in left loin 👉🏼Renal Cell Carcinoma.
#Surgery
#Surgery
-Old patient, shortness of breath, cachexia, mass in right iliac fossa 👉🏼Cancer caecum complicated by anemia.
#Surgery
#Surgery
-Old patient with chronic constipation and 5 days absolute constipation, fever, tachycardia, left iliac fossa tenderness 👉🏼Sigmoid volvulus.
#Surgery
#Surgery
-Old patient, frequency of urination, nocturia, post-micturation drippling, enlarged smooth prostate 👉🏼BPH.
#Surgery
#Surgery
Classification of neck fracture of femur
-Anatomically :
1-Intracapsular , danger than extra
2-Extracapsular fractures.
-Surgically :
Good prognosis
1- Incomplete fracture
2-Complete fracture without dislocation
Bad prognosis👉🏼
3-Complete fracture with partial dislocation
4-Complete fracture with complete dislocation.
#Surgery
-Anatomically :
1-Intracapsular , danger than extra
2-Extracapsular fractures.
-Surgically :
Good prognosis
1- Incomplete fracture
2-Complete fracture without dislocation
Bad prognosis👉🏼
3-Complete fracture with partial dislocation
4-Complete fracture with complete dislocation.
#Surgery
Rule of 2 for fracture during X ray :
1-Tow joints above and below the fracture
2-Tow times
3-Tow view
4-Tow sites.
#Surgery
1-Tow joints above and below the fracture
2-Tow times
3-Tow view
4-Tow sites.
#Surgery
Classification of Fractures
-According to the Cause:
1-Traumatic fractures
2-Pathological fractures
3-Stress fractures.
-According to the Shape:
1-Transverse fractures
2-Oblique fractures
3-Spiral fractures
4-Segmetal fractures is
5-Comminuted fractures
6-Green stick fractures
7-Fractures dislocation.
-According to Soft tissues injury
1-Simple: close with no skin injury
2-Compound:open with skin injury
3-Complicated: there are injury to neurovascular structres.
•Most common sites for pathological fractures :
-Neck of femur then wrist then Lumbar vertebrae.
•Common causes of pathological fractures:
1-Osteporosis
2-Tumors
3-Bone cyst.
#Surgery
-According to the Cause:
1-Traumatic fractures
2-Pathological fractures
3-Stress fractures.
-According to the Shape:
1-Transverse fractures
2-Oblique fractures
3-Spiral fractures
4-Segmetal fractures is
5-Comminuted fractures
6-Green stick fractures
7-Fractures dislocation.
-According to Soft tissues injury
1-Simple: close with no skin injury
2-Compound:open with skin injury
3-Complicated: there are injury to neurovascular structres.
•Most common sites for pathological fractures :
-Neck of femur then wrist then Lumbar vertebrae.
•Common causes of pathological fractures:
1-Osteporosis
2-Tumors
3-Bone cyst.
#Surgery
Submandibular sialadenitis
◼️Sialadenitis is a term given to inflammation of the salivary gland.
◼️It may be viral or bacterial, viral infection is usually caused by mumps virus, bacterial infection is more common and is caused by an obstruction in the submandibular duct system
◼️Obstruction is usually caused by stones, salivary gland stones are most common in the submandibular gland as secretions are viscid and are more difficult to drain compared to the watery secretions of the parotids
◼️80% of submandibular gland stones are radio-opaque,and can be seen by inferior occlusal view,the above figure shows two stones, large arrow shows a small stone near the sublingual papilla small arrow shows a larger stone near the gland's hilum
◼️Clinical presentation depends on degree of obstruction,complete obstruction usually caused by stones at the ductal opening present with pain and swelling precipitated by meals partial obstruction present with infrequent symptoms with less pain and swelling.
#Salivary
#Surgery
◼️Sialadenitis is a term given to inflammation of the salivary gland.
◼️It may be viral or bacterial, viral infection is usually caused by mumps virus, bacterial infection is more common and is caused by an obstruction in the submandibular duct system
◼️Obstruction is usually caused by stones, salivary gland stones are most common in the submandibular gland as secretions are viscid and are more difficult to drain compared to the watery secretions of the parotids
◼️80% of submandibular gland stones are radio-opaque,and can be seen by inferior occlusal view,the above figure shows two stones, large arrow shows a small stone near the sublingual papilla small arrow shows a larger stone near the gland's hilum
◼️Clinical presentation depends on degree of obstruction,complete obstruction usually caused by stones at the ductal opening present with pain and swelling precipitated by meals partial obstruction present with infrequent symptoms with less pain and swelling.
#Salivary
#Surgery
High yield notes about salivary gland disorders
◼️80% of parotid tumors are benign, the commonest one is pleomorphic adenoma, 80% of parotid tumors arise in their superficial part.
◼️Pleomorphic adenoma has an incomplete capsule, enucleation of the tumor results in recurrence in most cases as seeds of cells are likely left behind.
◼️Medial displacement of the tonsil can be caused by enlargement of the deep part of parotid gland, a part of the parotid gland loops around the mandibular ramus.
◼️Salivary gland stones are commonest in the submandibular gland.
◼️Parotid gland stones are less common because its secretions are watery and its duct drains more easily compared to the viscid secretions of the submandibular gland and its up sloping duct making drainage more difficult.
◼️Plunging ranulas occur only in the sublingual gland because its the only salivary gland which secretes continuously.
◼️Although generally rare, the majority of tumors arising in the sublingual gland are malignant (90%).
◼️The vast majority of minor salivary gland tumors are malignant.
◼️Drainage of an abscess in the parotid gland should be done by Hilton's method to safeguard the facial nerve.
#Salivary
#Surgery
◼️80% of parotid tumors are benign, the commonest one is pleomorphic adenoma, 80% of parotid tumors arise in their superficial part.
◼️Pleomorphic adenoma has an incomplete capsule, enucleation of the tumor results in recurrence in most cases as seeds of cells are likely left behind.
◼️Medial displacement of the tonsil can be caused by enlargement of the deep part of parotid gland, a part of the parotid gland loops around the mandibular ramus.
◼️Salivary gland stones are commonest in the submandibular gland.
◼️Parotid gland stones are less common because its secretions are watery and its duct drains more easily compared to the viscid secretions of the submandibular gland and its up sloping duct making drainage more difficult.
◼️Plunging ranulas occur only in the sublingual gland because its the only salivary gland which secretes continuously.
◼️Although generally rare, the majority of tumors arising in the sublingual gland are malignant (90%).
◼️The vast majority of minor salivary gland tumors are malignant.
◼️Drainage of an abscess in the parotid gland should be done by Hilton's method to safeguard the facial nerve.
#Salivary
#Surgery