-The histologic finding that defines malignancy in follicular cancer is Capsular or blood vessel invasion,so that FNAC isn't useful.

-The most common site of distant metastasis is Bone.

-Total thyroidectomy is the treatment.

#Surgery

Medullary cancer:

-MENII
-aMyloid Median lymph node dissection
-Modified neck dissection if lateral nodes are positive.

#Surgery

•What are the causes for intermittent jaundice?

1.CBD stones
2.Periampullary carcinoma
3.Repeated hemolytic episode
4.Parasite
5.Hemobilia
6.Duodenal diverticula.

#Surgery

To say it's IO, there should be more than 3 air fluid levels.

#Surgery

•Ambutation indicated in 3 D:
-Dead tissues (gangrene)
-Dysfunction
-Diseases(cancer).

#Surgery

Strangulation occurs without intestinal obstruction in:

1-Litter's hernia
2-Richter's hernia
3-Omentum hernia.

#Surgery

•Most common symptom of meckel's diverticulum in children is bleeding.

•Most common symptom of meckel's diverticulum in adult is intestinal obstruction.

#Surgery

•Bacteremia👉🏼Presence of non multiplying bacteria in the blood.

•Septicemia👉🏼Presence of multiplying bacteria in the blood Plus leucocytosis.

•Toxemia👉🏼Presence of toxins in the blood.

•Pyemia👉🏼Presence of septic emboli in the blood.

#Surgery

📑 Epigastric pain plus
        (Suggestive Dx)
📝 Epigastric pain + pain worse with food
👉 Gastric ulcer

📝 Epigastric pain + pain better with food
👉 Duodenal ulcer

📝 Epigastric pain + weight loss
👉 Gastric ulcer or cancer

📝 Epigastric pain +tenderness + radiation to back + relive by forward
👉 Pancretitis

📝 Epigastric pain + bad taste ,cough ,hoarse
👉 GERD

📝 Epigastric pain + nothing
👉 Non ulcer dyspepsia [ 90% of cases]

📝 Epigastric pain + diabetic and bloating
👉 Diabetic gastroparesis

📝 Epigastric pain+diabetic + middle or old age
👉 MI until proven otherwise


#Surgery

Treatment of UTI in pregnancy.

#Surgery

Seven steps  of wound care management :

1/Assess
2/Cleanse
3/Protect
4/Fill
5/Cover
6/Secure
7/Evaluate.

#Surgery

- Young boy, painful swollen warm left knee with no history of trauma, high fever 👉🏼acute septic arthritis.

#Surgery

-Old patient, hypertensive, diabetic, hematuria, solid mass in left loin 👉🏼Renal Cell Carcinoma.

#Surgery

-Old patient, shortness of breath, cachexia, mass in right iliac fossa 👉🏼Cancer caecum complicated by anemia.

#Surgery

-Old patient with chronic constipation and 5 days absolute constipation, fever, tachycardia, left iliac fossa tenderness 👉🏼Sigmoid volvulus.

#Surgery

-Old patient, frequency of urination, nocturia, post-micturation drippling, enlarged smooth prostate 👉🏼BPH.

#Surgery

Classification of neck fracture of femur

-Anatomically :
1-Intracapsular , danger than extra
2-Extracapsular fractures.

-Surgically :
Good prognosis
1- Incomplete fracture
2-Complete fracture without  dislocation
Bad prognosis👉🏼
3-Complete fracture with partial dislocation
4-Complete fracture with complete dislocation.

#Surgery

Rule of 2 for fracture during X ray  :
1-Tow joints above and below the fracture
2-Tow times
3-Tow view
4-Tow sites.

#Surgery

Classification of Fractures

-According  to the Cause:
1-Traumatic fractures
2-Pathological fractures
3-Stress fractures.

-According  to the Shape:
1-Transverse fractures
2-Oblique fractures
3-Spiral fractures
4-Segmetal fractures is
5-Comminuted fractures
6-Green stick fractures
7-Fractures dislocation.


-According to Soft tissues injury
1-Simple: close with no skin injury
2-Compound:open with skin injury 
3-Complicated: there are injury to neurovascular structres.


•Most common sites for pathological fractures :
-Neck of femur then wrist then Lumbar vertebrae.

•Common causes of pathological fractures:
1-Osteporosis
2-Tumors
3-Bone cyst.


#Surgery