CVS MORTALITY PREDICTORS IN MVP:

-Moderate to sever MR
-EF is less than50%
-Left aterial size greater than 40mm.
-Flial leaflets
-Aterial fibrillation
-Age older than 50 years.

#Cardiology

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR)

-It is anadverse reaction to blood transfusion that occurs within the first 24 hours after transfusion.


-It's intravascular hemolysis; type II hypersensitivity reaction.

-Rapid onset during transfusion (because of preformed antibodies) or up to 24 hours after thetransfusion

Symptoms include: 
Fever "first" chills, nausea, flushing
Hypotension, tachycardia
Flank pain
Dyspnea, tachypnea
Hemoglobinuria (due to intravascular hemolysis)
Jaundice (due to intravascular hemolysis).

#Blood

•What will you find in ECG in case of Meningitis?

-There may be sinus bradycardia "increase RR interval".
Due to cushing response in advanced case.

#Neurology

Remember

-The most common malignant tumors of bone are plasma cell tumors related to multiple myeloma.

#Rheumatology

-The triad of portal vein thrombosis, hemolysis, and pancytopenia suggests Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

#Blood

-Enteroviruses (especially coxsacie viruses and echoviruses) are the most common cause of all types of meningitis in all patient groups.

-S.pneumoniae is the most common bacteria causing meningitis in adults.


#Neurology

Remember:

In AS:
-Exertional dyspnea, angina pectoris and syncope are the three cardinal symptoms in patients
with pure or predominant AS.

#Cardiology

-Drugs are the most common cause of thrombocytopenia.

#Blood

-Cryoprecipitate is a source of fibrinogen, factor VIII & von Willebrand factor (vWF).

#Blood

-FFP contains stable coagulation factors and plasma proteins like fibrinogen, antithrombin, albumin, and proteins C and S.

#Blood

-JAK2 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9.

#Blood

•JAK2 mutations are associated with:

-Polycythemia vera,
-Essential thrombocythemia,
-Primary myelofibrosis.

#Blood

Remember:

-During the last two trimesters of pregnancy, daily iron requirements increase to 5 - 6 mg/day.

#Blood

Remember

-Signs and symptoms of cobalamin deficiency include numbness and paresthesia in the extremities (the earliest neurologic manifestations), weakness, and ataxia.
-There may be sphincter disturbances.

#Neurology

Remember:

-Normally, an adult male needs ~1 mg of elemental iron daily, while females in childbearing years need 1.4 mg/day.

#Blood

•Drugs cause neutropenia due to decreased production include:

1-Alkylating agents (nitrogen mustard, busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide),
2-Antimetabolites (methotrexate 6-mercaptopurine, 5- flucytosine).
3-Antibiotics (chloramphenicol, penicillins, sulfonamides) 4-Phenothiazines, tranquilizers (meprobamate)
5-Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine), antipsychotics (clozapine).
6-Certain diuretics
7-Anti-inflammatory agents.
8-Antithyroid drugs.

#Blood

-Normally, neutrophils spend a short time in circulation (half-life, 6 - 7 hours).

#Blood

Remember:

-The only contraindication to splenectomy is the presence of marrow failure, in which the enlarged spleen is the only source of hematopoietic tissue.

#Blood

Remember:

-Massive splenomegaly refers to spleen that extends >8 cm below left costal margin and/or weighs (drained) more than 1000 grams.

#Blood