Remember:

-Beta blockers are contraindicated in patients with Variant angina while they're the first line in Stable angina.

#Cardiology

Causes of anemia in Systemic sclerosis :

1-Chronic inflammation: anemia of chronic disease.

2-Medications: Certain medications used to manage systemic sclerosis, such as (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or immunosuppressants, can cause or contribute to anemia as a side effect.

3-Malabsorption: Systemic sclerosis can result in gastrointestinal complications, including malabsorption of nutrients like iron, folate, and vitamin B12. Deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to anemia.

4-Kidney involvement: In some cases, systemic sclerosis can affect the kidneys, leading to decreased production of erythropoietin—a hormone necessary for red blood cell production. This can result in anemia.

5-Bleeding complications: If systemic sclerosis affects blood vessels or involves gastrointestinal complications such as ulcers, abnormal bleeding can occur, leading to anemia.

6-Autoimmune anemia.

#Rheumatology

-Behçet’s is associated with the HLA- B51 allele.

#Rheumatology

In GBS

-Albuminocytologic dissociation, characterized by elevated protein levels and normal cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is a hallmark finding of GBS.

#Neurology

What drugs should be avoided in MG?

-Aminoglycoside, penicillamine, ciprofloxacin, quinine, antiarrhythmic drugs.

#Neurology

Remember:

Campylobacter jejuni: campylobacter enteritis is the most common disease associated with GBS.

Cytomegalovirus: most common virus associated with GBS.

#Neurology

Remember:

Pseudo-gout is the most common cause of acute mono-arthritis in elderly.

#Rheumatology

What is Felty’s syndrome?

-Rheumatoid arthritis with splenomegaly and neutropenia is called Felty’s syndrome.

-There may be hypersplenism (anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia).

#Rheumatology

Remember:

-EMG shows progressive incremental response in LEMS (reverse of myasthenia gravis, where there is decremental response).

#Neurology

Remember:

-Abnormality of reflex, muscle power and autonomic disturbance are absent in myasthenia gravis.

#Neurology

In LEMS:

-There is defect in acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction that is thought to be due to an auto-antibody against prejunctional voltage gated calcium channel on the motor nerve terminal.

-Small cell carcinoma of the lung may trigger the auto-antibody reaction.

#Neurology

Remember:

-Autoimmune diseases often improve during pregnancy but flare mmediately after delivery except SLE(prone to exacerbation in pregnancy).

#Rheumatology

-Passive transfer of maternal antibodies can mediate autoimmune disease in the fetus and newborn, including SLE, Graves’disease and myasthenia gravis.

#Rheumatology

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy:

-Replacement of the myocardium of the right ventricle with fibrofatty tissue.

-Fibrofatty tissue predisposes to: -ventricular tachycardia
-right ventricular systolic dysfunction
- sudden death.

#Cardiology

What is Miller-Fisher syndrome?

-It is a variant of GBS characterized by triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. It is a rare disease. Antibodies to ganglioside GQ1b may be found.

#Neurology

What are the dangerous complications of GBS (cause of death)?

-Respiratory muscle paralysis. The patient may develop respiratory failure within hours type 2.
-Bulbar palsy (dysphagia, nasal regurgitation)
-Cardiac conduction block
-Cardiac arrythmia.

#Neurology

What are the cardinal signs of spinal cord compression?

- UMN sign (spastic paraplegia) below the level of compression and LMN sign at the level of compression.

-Segmental sensory loss (sensory loss up to a particular segmental level).

#Neurology

What is Friedreich’s ataxia?

-It is the most common type of hereditary ataxia, inherited as autosomal recessive trait, and in some cases inherited as autosomal dominant.

#Neurology