Two post-quantum updates came out last week, and they highlight two very different parts of the migration.

Blockstream ran experimental SLH-DSA code on a Jade Plus, Trezor Safe 3, Ledger Nano Gen5/S+ and BitBox02 Nova. All four produced signatures. The average time was ~52 seconds on Jade and 120 seconds on Ledger.

That shows existing hardware wallets can generate hash-based post-quantum signatures. It does not mean the implementations are ready for real funds. Key management, wallet integration, firmware verification and performance still need work.

The same day, EIP-8384 was submitted as a proposed draft through an open GitHub pull request.

Ethereum currently selects sync committee aggregators by hashing a BLS signature. This works because BLS signatures are unique, so validators cannot keep generating new signatures until one gets selected.

leanSig, the hash-based scheme being developed for Ethereum’s post-quantum consensus work, allows multiple valid signatures for the same message. A validator could exploit that by trying different signatures until it selects itself.

EIP-8384 proposes choosing aggregators deterministically from beacon state instead. If adopted, the change would require a consensus hard fork.

Generating a post-quantum signature is only part of the job. The harder task is finding every place where the protocol relied on properties of the old signature scheme.

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Ethereum's Post-Quantum Migration Will Take a Decade. QMS Starts With Two Layers Settled

Ethereum is the most detailed chain in the industry on post-quantum migration — a dedicated team, around ten client teams building to spec, a $20M three-year formal verification effort, and a target of ~2029 just for the core protocol, before anything above it moves.

The reason isn't the algorithms. Those are standardized. The years go into everything a chain doesn't control — wallets, custody, bridges, tooling. And the replacement signatures are 30x bigger: BLS is 96 bytes; leanXMSS is 3,112. BLS aggregation has no post-quantum equivalent, so it has to be rebuilt from proofs. That's a protocol fork before a single account has moved.

This article covers:
→ The four places elliptic-curve cryptography sits on a chain — and why a hard fork only reaches half of them
→ Why post-quantum signatures are 30x bigger, and what that costs
→ Ethereum's four post-quantum hard forks in sequence, and the $20M verification running alongside
→ What QMS chose differently — consensus with no signatures, finality post-quantum from launch, and a defined recovery path for accounts nobody upgrades

QMS builds two of its three layers, and both ship post-quantum from day one. Execution keeps Ethereum's signature scheme, so every wallet and tool works today. Ethereum is doing the harder version of this work because it has an installed base worth protecting — QMS aims at that same position, with the cryptography already settled underneath.

Read the full piece here: https://qms.finance/news/ethereums-post-quantum-migration-will-take-a-decade-qms-starts-with-two-layers-settled

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Before QMS produces its first block, prove you were here.

We're building a Layer 1 for the post-quantum era.

The Quantum Early Access Pass is now live.

Claim yours for beta testnet access and share it on X: https://qms.finance/#waitlist

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You do NOT need to connect a wallet to claim your Quantum Early Access Pass.

Please use only the official QMS link and stay safe.

1,500 of you have claimed a Quantum Early Access Pass.

We see you. Thank you for showing up this early.

You got the card. Stay tuned for a special Discord role.

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Claimed a Quantum Early Access Pass but still not sure what QMS actually is? That’s understandable.

We're building a blockchain for the quantum era, with a quantum-resistant core and a mining system designed to solve real-world problems.

The next posts are the perfect place to start getting to know QMS -

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If you read one thing, read this.

It is the map of the design: useful-work mining, consensus and finality post-quantum from day one, and Ethereum-compatible execution so existing wallets work.

This is the “what are the miners actually doing” piece.

A client would post a planning job, such as which trucks take which stops, which assets sit in a book, lock a reward, and say what a good answer looks like. Then miners search, and every solution that clears that bar gets paid.

The usual question is why this matters if Ethereum is already doing post-quantum work.

This is what you need to know.

If you joined the QMS waitlist before this week, your Quantum Early Access Pass is ready to claim.

Hit "X Connect" on the waitlist page and get yours.

Just one click, you don't have to fill in the form again, and no wallet is required.

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Commercial compute buyers care about 4 things: a correct result, useful latency, predictable cost and clean integration.

QMS adds a fifth: verification.

That creates a focused opportunity in markets where transparency is part of the product. Onchain portfolios and auctions can settle against results every participant can inspect, giving asset managers, protocols and market operators a stronger basis for trust.

Fleet routing and factory scheduling offer valuable technical benchmarks. Onchain markets provide the clearest starting point for commercial adoption.

QMS is strongest where verification improves the buyer’s product.

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7,000+ Quantum Early Access Passes claimed.

Tomorrow, we open the door to something special that only pass holders will have access to, and it will be announced here first.

Remember to follow us if you haven’t already.

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Last week showed what post-quantum migration looks like in practice.

1️⃣ Today’s hardware can perform the cryptography. The product work is not finished.

Blockstream Research ran experimental SLH-DSA implementations on four hardware wallets already on the market: Jade Plus, Trezor Safe 3, Ledger Nano Gen5/S+, and BitBox02 Nova.

All four generated signatures. In Blockstream’s cold-mode benchmark, Jade averaged 52.85 seconds and Ledger 120.12 seconds.

That proves the hardware can do the computation. It does not mean these wallets ship with post-quantum support or that the experimental implementations are ready to protect real funds.

2️⃣ Changing the signature can expose assumptions buried elsewhere in the protocol.

Ethereum currently selects sync committee aggregators by signing a fixed message and hashing the BLS signature. Because BLS signatures are unique, each validator effectively gets one attempt.

leanSig, the hash-based scheme being developed for Ethereum’s post-quantum consensus work, can produce multiple valid signatures for the same message. Without changing the selection process, a validator could keep generating signatures until it wins.

Draft EIP-8384 proposes selecting aggregators deterministically from beacon state data instead. Adopting it would require a hard fork because it changes Ethereum’s consensus rules and wire format. The proposal remains an open draft, not a scheduled upgrade.

3️⃣ This is a multi-year migration, not a single software update.

Ethereum’s current roadmap describes four tentative fork milestones and targets core L1 post-quantum infrastructure by around 2029. Full execution layer and ecosystem migration would take longer.

Its planned hash-based validator signatures are also roughly 3,000 bytes, compared with 96 bytes for BLS. That is why Ethereum must redesign aggregation and networking rather than simply replace one signature library with another.

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We hear you. The QMS Discord is now open!

Quantum Early Access Pass holders can claim the exclusive Quantum Pioneer Discord role while spots last.

Join the community and claim yours: https://discord.gg/qmsnetwork

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Being early feels like sitting in a room before the lights come on. Then someone else walks in, and you both pretend this is completely normal :)

To everyone who has claimed the Quantum Pioneer role on Discord: well done!

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Got your Qubits role but haven't gone Pioneer yet?

Head to #early-quantum-role inside the server and verify your Quantum Early Access Pass — it unlocks Quantum Pioneer: access to #pioneer-chat, early access to updates, and more.

Not in yet? discord.gg/qmsnetwork — while spots last.

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There are 3 markets where QMS could create something new:

1. DeFi index protocols and onchain asset managers that need transparent portfolio construction.

2. DEXs, DAOs and block-space markets that need verifiable combinatorial clearing.

3. Decentralized energy and onchain ML teams that can test whether verifiable optimization is valuable enough to buy.

They share a requirement beyond compute: multiple parties need to trust the result without handing the decision to one operator.

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