You can convert a list to a tuple and vice versa using list() and tuple() functions.

# List to Tuple
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
tuple1 = tuple(list1)
print(tuple1)  # Output: (1, 2, 3)

# Tuple to List
tuple2 = (4, 5, 6)
list2 = list(tuple2)
print(list2)  # Output: [4, 5, 6]

You can "unpack" a list or tuple into individual variables.

point = (1, 2, 3)
x, y, z = point
print(x, y, z)  # Output: 1 2 3

Create a list of 5 numbers. Perform the following operations: append a new number, remove the second element, and sort the list.

Write a Python program that finds the largest number in a list without using built-in functions.

Write a Python program that packs four values into a tuple and then unpacks them into separate variables.

Write a Python program that creates a new list with the squares of numbers from 1 to 10 using list comprehensions.

Create a 3x3 matrix using nested lists. Write a Python program to print the matrix and its transpose.

Create a Python program that allows the user to add items to a shopping cart. Use a list to store the items, and provide options to add, remove, view, and clear the cart.

Write a program that displays a tuple-based menu to the user. The menu should contain options for various operations (e.g., add, delete, view items) and perform actions based on user input.

Write a Python program to flatten a nested list using list comprehensions.

Create a Python program that takes a list of numbers and returns a new list containing only the unique elements (removing duplicates).

Write a Python program to take a tuple of numbers and return a tuple containing only even numbers.

A dictionary in Python is an unordered collection of data in a key-value pair format. Unlike lists and tuples, which are indexed by a range of numbers, dictionaries are indexed by keys, which can be of any immutable type (e.g., strings, numbers, tuples)

my_dict = {
    "key1": "value1",
    "key2": "value2",
    ...
}

student = {
    "name": "John",
    "age": 21,
    "courses": ["Math", "Physics"]
}
print(student)  # Output: {'name': 'John', 'age': 21, 'courses': ['Math', 'Physics']}

You can access dictionary values by using their corresponding keys.

print(student["name"])  # Output: John
print(student["courses"])  # Output: ['Math', 'Physics']

To avoid KeyError when accessing keys that may not exist, you can use the get() method, which returns None or a default value if the key is not found.

print(student.get("age"))  # Output: 21
print(student.get("grade", "Not Found"))  # Output: Not Found

You can add new key-value pairs or update existing ones using the assignment operator.

student["grade"] = "A"  # Adding a new key-value pair
print(student)  # Output: {'name': 'John', 'age': 21, 'courses': ['Math', 'Physics'], 'grade': 'A'}

student["age"] = 22  # Modifying an existing key-value pair
print(student)  # Output: {'name': 'John', 'age': 22, 'courses': ['Math', 'Physics'], 'grade': 'A'}

Dictionaries provide several methods for removing elements:

# Using pop()
age = student.pop("age")
print(age)  # Output: 22
print(student)  # Output: {'name': 'John', 'courses': ['Math', 'Physics'], 'grade': 'A'}

# Using popitem()
last_item = student.popitem()
print(last_item)  # Output: ('grade', 'A')
print(student)  # Output: {'name': 'John', 'courses': ['Math', 'Physics']}

# Using del
del student["courses"]
print(student)  # Output: {'name': 'John'}

# Using clear()
student.clear()
print(student)  # Output: {}

You can loop through keys, values, or both in a dictionary.

student = {
    "name": "John",
    "age": 21,
    "courses": ["Math", "Physics"]
}

# Loop through keys
for key in student:
    print(key)

# Loop through values
for value in student.values():
    print(value)

# Loop through key-value pairs
for key, value in student.items():
    print(f"{key}: {value}")

Some useful dictionary methods:

print(student.keys())    # Output: dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'courses'])
print(student.values())  # Output: dict_values(['John', 21, ['Math', 'Physics']])
print(student.items())   # Output: dict_items([('name', 'John'), ('age', 21), ('courses', ['Math', 'Physics'])])

# Using update()
student.update({"name": "Jane", "age": 22})
print(student)  # Output: {'name': 'Jane', 'age': 22, 'courses': ['Math', 'Physics']}

A set is an unordered collection of unique elements. Sets are mutable, but their elements must be immutable (e.g., strings, numbers, tuples). Sets do not allow duplicate values.

my_set = {element1, element2, element3, ...}

fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(fruits)  # Output: {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'}

Sets are useful for mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set2 = {3, 4, 5, 6}

print(set1.union(set2))              # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
print(set1.intersection(set2))       # Output: {3, 4}
print(set1.difference(set2))         # Output: {1, 2}
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))  # Output: {1, 2, 5, 6}

Sets can be modified by adding or removing elements:

fruits.add("orange")
print(fruits)  # Output: {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange'}

fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits)  # Output: {'apple', 'cherry', 'orange'}

fruits.discard("banana")  # No error if "banana" is not in the set
print(fruits)  # Output: {'apple', 'cherry', 'orange'}

fruits.clear()
print(fruits)  # Output: set()

A frozenset is an immutable version of a set. It cannot be modified after it is created.

frozen_set = frozenset([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(frozen_set)  # Output: frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4})

# Attempting to modify a frozenset will raise an AttributeError
# frozen_set.add(5)  # Raises AttributeError

Create a dictionary with keys as names and values as marks. Add new entries, update marks, and delete a student entry.

Write a Python program to count the frequency of each word in a given sentence using a dictionary.

Given two lists, create sets from them and perform union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference operations.

Write a Python program to find unique elements in a list using a set.

Create a nested dictionary to represent students' data, including their names, ages, and subjects. Write a program to print each student's details.