Pulse Notes | Class 10

Complete NCERT Solutions & Notes for Class 10 Science, prepared strictly as per latest NCERT syllabus

🧪 UNIT I: Chemical Substances – Nature & Behaviour
🔹 Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Chemical reactions & equations
• Balanced chemical equations
• Types of reactions:
Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double displacement
• Precipitation reactions
• Endothermic & Exothermic reactions
• Oxidation & Reduction

🔹 Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts
• Acids & Bases (H⁺ / OH⁻ concept)
• Indicators & identification
• Chemical properties & uses
• Neutralization
• pH scale (basic idea only)
• Importance of pH in daily life
• Preparation & uses of:
Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching Powder, Baking Soda, Washing Soda, Plaster of Paris

🔹 Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals
• Physical & chemical properties
• Reactivity series
• Ionic compounds – formation & properties
• Basic metallurgical processes
• Corrosion & its prevention

🔹 Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds
• Covalent bonds
• Versatile nature of carbon
• Hydrocarbons (saturated & unsaturated)
• Homologous series
• Nomenclature (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
• Functional groups
• Chemical properties
• Ethanol & Ethanoic acid (properties & uses)
• Soaps & detergents

🔹 Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements
• Modern periodic table
• Trends & properties of elements

🌱 UNIT II: World of Living
🔹 Chapter 6: Life Processes
• Living beings
• Nutrition, Respiration
• Transport & Excretion in plants & animals

🔹 Chapter 7: Control and Coordination
• Tropic movements in plants
• Plant hormones
• Nervous system
• Voluntary, involuntary & reflex actions
• Animal hormones

🔹 Chapter 8: How Do Organisms Reproduce?
• Asexual & sexual reproduction
• Reproductive health
• Family planning methods
• Safe sex & HIV/AIDS
• Women’s health

🔹 Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution
• Heredity
• Mendel’s laws
• Inheritance of traits
• Sex determination
• Introduction to evolution

🔭 UNIT III: Natural Phenomena
🔹 Chapter 10: Light – Reflection and Refraction
• Reflection by spherical mirrors
• Image formation
• Mirror formula (no derivation)
• Magnification

🔹 Chapter 11: The Human Eye and the Colourful World
• Refraction of light
• Refractive index
• Lenses & image formation
• Lens formula (no derivation)
• Power of lens
• Defects of vision & corrections
• Dispersion, scattering of light
• Applications in daily life

⚡️ UNIT IV: Effects of Current
🔹 Chapter 12: Electricity
• Electric current & potential difference
• Ohm’s Law
• Resistance & resistivity
• Series & parallel combination
• Heating effect of current
• Electric power
• Relation between P, V, I & R

🔹 Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• Magnetic field & field lines
• Current-carrying conductor & solenoid
• Force on conductor
• Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
• DC & AC
• Frequency of AC
• Advantages of AC
• Domestic electric circuits

🌍 UNIT V: Natural Resources
🔹 Chapter 14: Sources of Energy
• Renewable & non-renewable sources
• Thermal, solar, wind & nuclear energy

🔹 Chapter 15: Our Environment
• Ecosystem
• Environmental problems
• Ozone depletion
• Biodegradable & non-biodegradable waste

🔹 Chapter 16: Management of Natural Resources
• Conservation of resources
• Sustainable development

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