PsychCorner

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I have created this programme which checks whether the user is depressed or not. (It uses the DSM -V criteria). Please run it and let me know if you find any bugs or if you have any suggestions.
Thank you.

@thatkafka

376 viewsedited 01:08

PsychCorner

Your vision will become clear only when you can look into your heart. Who looks outside, dreams; who looks inside,
awakens.
- Carl Jung

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PsychCorner

Some Lectures and Videos(Food Of Thought)

Human Behavioural Biology by Robert Sapolsky (Must Watch)

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLqeYp3nxIYpF7dW7qK8OvLsVomHrnYNjD&feature=share8

Crash Course Psychology by Hank Green

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOPRKzVLY0jJY-uHOH9KVU6&feature=share8

Existential Psychology by Eric Dodson

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0gktz3rk0JBgz3mG0z9vHNuWYDdFKofN&feature=share8

Top 10 Facts about Humans by Lemmino

https://youtube.com/watch?v=xetnJ_gNRBQ&feature=share8

Personality and it's Transformation (Lecture Series) by Jordan Peterson

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL22J3VaeABQBlN8DUor7SKWCwSghcqlY5&feature=share8

Curated by @PsychCorner

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PsychCorner

Important Memory Terms

Sensory Memory: The initial stage of memory that briefly holds sensory information from the environment.

Short-Term Memory: The temporary storage system that holds a limited amount of information for a short period of time.

Long-Term Memory: The relatively permanent storage system that holds an unlimited amount of information for an extended period of time.

Encoding: The process of converting sensory information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Retrieval: The process of accessing and bringing stored information back into conscious awareness.

Working Memory: A cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information needed for complex cognitive tasks.

Episodic Memory: A type of long-term memory that involves the recollection of specific events or experiences in a person's life.

Semantic Memory: A type of long-term memory that involves general knowledge about the world, concepts, facts, and meanings.

Procedural Memory: A type of long-term memory that involves the knowledge and skills required to perform certain actions or tasks automatically.

Primacy Effect: The tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list more easily than those in the middle or at the end.

Recency Effect: The tendency to remember items at the end of a list more easily than those in the middle or at the beginning.

Chunking: Organizing individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units to enhance short-term memory capacity.

Interference Theory: The idea that forgetting occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval or storage of previously learned information.

Retroactive Interference: When newly learned information interferes with remembering previously learned information.

Proactive Interference: When previously learned information interferes with remembering newly learned information.

Serial Position Effect: The tendency to recall items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) better than those in the middle of a list.

Flashbulb Memory: A vivid and detailed memory of a significant and emotionally charged event.

Amnesia: A condition characterized by severe memory loss, often resulting from brain injury or disease.

Source Amnesia: The inability to remember the source of a particular memory, leading to confusion or false attributions.

Memory Consolidation: The process by which memories are strengthened and stabilized in the brain over time.

@PsychCorner

768 views11:12

PsychCorner

Psychological Terms Starting With Letter 'A'

Abnormal Psychology: The study of atypical behavior and mental disorders.

Absolute Threshold: The minimum level of stimulation required for a person to detect a particular stimulus.

Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement, learning, and memory.

Achievement Motivation: The drive to excel and succeed in order to meet personal goals.

Aggression: Behavior intended to cause harm or injury to others.

Altruism: Selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Amnesia: Partial or complete loss of memory caused by brain damage, injury, or psychological trauma.

Amygdala: A part of the brain responsible for processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression.

Antisocial Personality Disorder: A mental disorder characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and a lack of empathy or remorse.

Anxiety Disorders: A group of mental disorders characterized by excessive worry, fear, or unease.

Aphasia: Impairment in language production or comprehension caused by damage to the brain's language centers.

Applied Psychology: The use of psychological principles and theories to solve real-world problems and improve human behavior.

Archetype: Universal symbols or patterns that are present in the collective unconscious across cultures and societies, as proposed by Carl Jung.

Assimilation (Piaget): The process through which new information is incorporated into existing cognitive schemas or mental frameworks.

Attachment Theory: The study of how early relationships with caregivers influence social and emotional development throughout life, as proposed by John Bowlby.

Attribution Theory: The study of how individuals explain the causes of their own behavior and that of others.

Authoritarian Parenting Style: A parenting style characterized by strict rules, high expectations, and little warmth or responsiveness towards children's needs.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

Availability Heuristic: A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples or instances that come to mind when evaluating a specific topic or situation.

Aversion Therapy: A form of behavior therapy that aims to reduce unwanted behaviors by pairing them with unpleasant stimuli.

Avoidant Personality Disorder: A mental disorder characterized by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism or rejection.

Axon: The long, slender projection of a neuron that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles.

Agoraphobia: An anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or embarrassing.

Anal stage (Freud,Of Course): The second psychosexual stage of development, occurring between 18 months and 3 years old, during which pleasure is focused on bowel and bladder control.

Anorexia Nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and self-starvation.

Antidepressants: Medications used to treat depression by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Antisocial Behavior: Actions that violate social norms and disregard the rights of others.

Anxiety Sensitivity: The fear of experiencing anxiety symptoms due to beliefs about their potential negative consequences.

Appraisal Theory: The study of how individuals evaluate and interpret events in order to determine their emotional response.

Attitude Formation: The process through which an individual develops positive or negative evaluations towards people, objects, or ideas based on their beliefs and experiences.

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PsychCorner

Schools Of Psychology

Structuralism: This school of thought, led by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, focused on analyzing the basic elements of consciousness through introspection.

Functionalism: Developed by William James, functionalism emphasized the adaptive functions of behavior and how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment.

Behaviorism: Founded by John B. Watson and was later expanded upon by B.F. Skinner, behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by environmental stimuli and reinforcement.

Psychoanalysis: Developed by Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior and personality. It explores the influence of early childhood experiences on adult functioning.

Humanistic Psychology: This school, represented by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the importance of subjective experiences in understanding human behavior.

Cognitive Psychology: This school focuses on mental processes such as perception, memory, thinking, problem-solving, language use, and decision-making. It examines how these processes influence behavior.

Biological Psychology: Also known as biopsychology or neuroscience, this school explores the biological basis of behavior and mental processes. It examines how genetics, brain structure/functioning, hormones, and neurotransmitters influence psychological functioning.

Evolutionary Psychology: Drawing from principles of evolutionary biology, this school seeks to understand human behavior in terms of adaptive advantages conferred by natural selection over time.

Sociocultural Psychology: This school examines how social and cultural factors influence individual behavior and mental processes. It explores topics such as social norms, cultural values/beliefs, gender roles/stereotypes, etc.

Positive Psychology: This relatively new field focuses on studying positive aspects of human experience, such as happiness, well-being, resilience, and personal strengths. It aims to promote optimal functioning and enhance the quality of life.

It's important to note that these schools of psychology are not mutually exclusive, and many psychologists integrate ideas from multiple perspectives in their work.

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PsychCorner

Introductory Psychology and Human Brain Lectures

Introduction to Psychology by Paul Bloom (Yale University)

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6A08EB4EEFF3E91F&feature=share8

The Human Brain by Nancy Kanwisher (MIT)

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60IKRN_pFptIBxeiMc0MCJP&feature=share8

Introduction To Brain and Behaviour (New York University)

https://youtube.com/watch?v=gkrM1gMpqRU&feature=share8

The Brain (Bozeman Science)

https://youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI&feature=share8

Decoding The Brain (Briane Greene)

https://youtube.com/watch?v=K7QBnuF6dHg&feature=share8

Curated by @PsychCorner

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PsychCorner

🧠 Neuroscience of Addiction

Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It involves changes in brain structure, function, and neurotransmitter systems.

One key aspect of addiction is the reward pathway in the brain, which involves several regions such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). When a person engages in pleasurable activities or consumes addictive substances, these regions release dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward.

Repeated exposure to addictive substances or behaviors can lead to neuroadaptations in this reward pathway. The brain becomes sensitized to the substance or behavior, leading to increased cravings and decreased sensitivity to natural rewards. This process is known as neuroplasticity.

Additionally, addiction involves changes in other neurotransmitter systems such as glutamate, GABA, serotonin, and norepinephrine. These alterations contribute to various aspects of addiction, including tolerance (needing higher doses for the same effect), withdrawal symptoms when substance use is discontinued, and difficulties with impulse control.

📌 How To Get Rid of Addiction

Identify the issue, do not rationalize your addictions. Understand the causes, look inside.

Create Barriers for your addictive behaviour. Say you're addicted to Instagram, completely removing it might be tough and sudden, So start using it on the website and uninstall the app. You'll experience friction as using the website is not as smooth as the application.

Replace Your Behaviour with something else. Chances are, your addictions are cued to a specific place, time or environment. Try doing something else in that period or place.

In the end, it's on you. As German Philosopher Nietzsche put it, One who cannot obey himself, will be commanded by others.

2.26K viewsedited 16:40

PsychCorner

Social Psychology Terms

Conformity: The tendency for individuals to adjust their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to match those of a majority or influential group.

Groupthink: A phenomenon that occurs when a group of people prioritize consensus and harmony over critical thinking, leading to faulty decision-making and a suppression of dissenting viewpoints.

Cognitive Dissonance: The mental discomfort or tension that arises when an individual holds contradictory beliefs, attitudes, or values, leading to a desire to reduce the inconsistency.

Social Facilitation: The concept that the presence of others enhances an individual's performance on simple or well-learned tasks but impairs performance on complex or new tasks.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: A belief or expectation about a person or group that influences one's behavior towards them in a way that causes the belief or expectation to come true.

Compliance: The act of responding favorably to a direct request or suggestion from another person, often due to social norms, authority, or perceived reciprocity.

Social Loafing: The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working collectively in a group compared to when working individually, as they rely on others to compensate for their reduced effort.

Deindividuation: The loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility that can occur when individuals are part of a large group or in situations that provide anonymity, leading to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive or deviant behavior.

In-group Bias: The tendency to favor and show positive attitudes toward members of one's own social group while displaying prejudice or discrimination against members of other groups.

Bystander Effect: The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a person in need when others are present, assuming that someone else will take responsibility.

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PsychCorner

Social Psychology (Glossary)- Baron.pdf

25.1 MB

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PsychCorner

Some Good TED Talks Related To Psychology

"The Power of Vulnerability" by Brené Brown: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCvmsMzlF7o

"The Science of Happiness" by Dan Gilbert:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q1dgn_C0AU

"The Puzzle of Motivation" by Dan Pink:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrkrvAUbU9Y

"Flow, the Secret to Happiness" by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXIeFJCqsPs

"The Psychology of Evil" by Philip Zimbardo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsFEV35tWsg

"The Surprising Science of Happiness" by Dan Gilbert:
https://youtube.com/watch?v=4q1dgn_C0AU&feature=share8

"The Secret Powers of Time" by Philip Zimbardo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3oIiH7BLmg

"Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance" by Angela Duckworth:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H14bBuluwB8

"The Paradox of Choice" by Barry Schwartz:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VO6XEQIsCoM

"The Happiness Advantage" by Shawn Achor:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXy__kBVq1M

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PsychCorner

Psychological Terms Starting with the letter 'B'

Behaviorism: A school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and external factors in explaining human behavior.

Belief: A conviction or acceptance that something is true, often based on subjective experiences, cultural influences, or evidence.

Bias: A tendency or inclination, either conscious or unconscious, to favor or hold a particular perspective or belief.

Brainstorming: A technique used to generate creative ideas by encouraging the free flow of thoughts and suggestions in a group setting.

Burnout: A state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion caused by chronic stress, often related to work or caregiving responsibilities.

Bystander Effect: A social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency situation when others are present.

Bipolar Disorder: A mental disorder characterized by extreme mood swings, ranging from depressive episodes to manic or hypomanic episodes.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A psychological disorder characterized by an excessive preoccupation with a perceived flaw in one's appearance.
Biofeedback: A technique that enables individuals to gain voluntary control over physiological processes, such as heart rate or blood pressure, through real-time feedback.

Boundary: A psychological concept referring to the emotional, physical, or social limits that individuals establish to define themselves and maintain healthy relationships.

Blindsight: A phenomenon in which individuals with visual impairments are able to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them.

Broca's Area: A region in the frontal lobe of the brain associated with speech production and language comprehension.

Body Language: Nonverbal communication expressed through facial expressions, gestures, posture, and other bodily movements.

Bio-psychosocial Model: A holistic approach to understanding health and illness that considers biological, psychological, and social factors.

Behavior Therapy: A form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors by using techniques such as reinforcement, modeling, or exposure therapy.

Big Five Personality Traits: A widely accepted model that categorizes personality traits into five broad dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Brain Plasticity: The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life in response to learning, experience, or injury.

Buffering Hypothesis: The idea that social support can moderate the negative impact of stress on physical and mental health outcomes.

Body Schema: The cognitive representation and awareness of one's own body and its position in space.

Behavioral Genetics: The study of the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual differences in behavior and traits.

Bottom-Up Processing: Information processing that starts with the analysis of individual sensory stimuli and builds up to form a coherent perception.

Bulimia Nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as purging or excessive exercise.

Basal Ganglia: A group of structures in the brain involved in motor control, cognition, and emotions.

Body Schema: The cognitive representation and awareness of one's own body and its position in space.

Behavioral Therapy: A form of psychotherapy that focuses on modifying maladaptive behaviors by applying principles of learning theory.

Binary Thinking: A cognitive bias that categorizes concepts or ideas into two distinct and opposing categories without considering potential nuances or alternatives.

Bystander Intervention: The act of intervening in a situation to help others in need, particularly in emergency or harmful situations.

Boundary Dissolution: A psychological state in which an individual experiences a blurring or merging of personal boundaries with others.

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PsychCorner

💤 The Psychology and Overall Science Behind Sleep

🌀Sleep-Wake Cycle: The sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm, is a 24-hour biological cycle that regulates our sleep patterns. It is influenced by an internal "biological clock" located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, which is sensitive to light and darkness cues received through the eyes. The cycle is coordinated by the release of various hormones, primarily melatonin, which is secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness.

🌀Sleep Stages: Sleep can be broadly classified into two main types: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These stages alternate throughout the night in a cyclic pattern.

NREM Sleep: NREM sleep consists of three stages: N1, N2, and N3.
- Stage N1: This is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. It is a light sleep stage where brain waves slow down, and muscle activity decreases.
- Stage N2: In this stage, brain waves continue to slow down, and eye movements stop. It is a deeper sleep stage characterized by the presence of sleep spindles and K-complexes.
- Stage N3: Also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS) or deep sleep, this is the most restorative stage. Brain waves slow down even further, and there are slow, high-amplitude delta waves. This stage is important for physical and mental restoration.

REM Sleep: REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreaming. It is a lighter stage of sleep where brain activity increases, resembling wakefulness. Muscle activity is inhibited, possibly to prevent us from acting out dreams. REM sleep is associated with memory consolidation and emotional processing.

🌀Sleep Regulation: The regulation of sleep involves a complex interplay between various neurotransmitters and brain regions.

The Sleep-Promoting System: Adenosine, a byproduct of energy metabolism, gradually accumulates in the brain during wakefulness, promoting sleep. Adenosine binds to specific receptors, leading to increased sleep drive. Caffeine, a stimulant, blocks these receptors, reducing sleepiness.

The Wake-Promoting System: Several neurotransmitters, such as histamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine, promote wakefulness and inhibit sleep. These neurotransmitters are produced by specific brain regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem.

The Role of the Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in sleep regulation. It contains sleep-wake centers, including the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) that promotes sleep and the posterior hypothalamus that promotes wakefulness.

🌀Functions and Benefits of Sleep: Sleep serves numerous important functions that contribute to overall health and well-being.

Restorative Function: Sleep is essential for physical restoration, including tissue repair, muscle growth, and immune function. During deep sleep stages, growth hormone is released, facilitating these processes.

Memory Consolidation: Sleep plays a critical role in memory formation and consolidation. It helps transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory storage.

Cognitive Function: Sufficient sleep is vital for optimal cognitive function, including attention, problem-solving, creativity, and decision-making.

Emotional Regulation: Sleep is involved in emotional regulation and helps regulate mood and emotional responses. Lack of sleep can lead to increased emotional reactivity and negative mood.

🌀Sleep Disorders: Various sleep disorders can disrupt the normal sleep patterns and have negative effects on health. Examples include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, and parasomnia.

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1.31K viewsedited 17:26

PsychCorner

sleep-a-basic-introduction.pdf

1.4 MB

426 views07:03

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