Multiple Choice

1. What is Machine Language primarily composed of?
a) English words
b) Binary code (0s and 1s)
c) Mnemonic codes
d) High-level commands

2. What is the purpose of an Assembler?
a) To translate High-Level Language into Machine Language
b) To translate Machine Language into Assembly Language
c) To translate Assembly Language into Machine Language
d) To execute code line by line

3. Which characteristic best describes High-Level Programming Languages?
a) Difficult for humans to read and write
b) Directly understandable by computers
c) Easy for humans to read and write
d) Based on binary code

4. What is the key difference between a Compiler and an Interpreter?
a) A Compiler executes code line by line, while an Interpreter translates the whole code at once.
b) An Interpreter translates the whole code at once, while a Compiler executes code line by line.
c) A Compiler translates the whole code into machine code before execution, while an Interpreter translates and executes code line by line.
d) There is no difference between a Compiler and an Interpreter; they perform the same function.

5. Which flowchart shape is used to represent a process or action?
A) Oval
B) Parallelogram
C) Rectangle
D) None

6. Who is widely recognized as the first computer programmer in history?
A) Grace Hopper
B) Ada Lovelace
C) Alan Turing
D) Charles Babbage

True / False

1. Machine Language is directly understandable by a computer.

2. High-Level Programming Languages can be executed directly by a computer without translation.

B
C
C
C
C
B
True
False

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⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡
⚡Compilation vs. interpretation⚡
Computer programming የአንድ programming language elements  የሚፈለገውን ውጤት እንዲያመጡ በቅደም ተከተል የማቀናበር ተግባር ነው። The effect could be different in every specific case - it's up to the programmer's imagination, knowledge and experience.

ይህ composition ደግሞ ትክክል መሆን አለበት in many senses:

#alphabetically - አንድ program ግልፅ በሆኑ ፊደላት መፃፍ አለበት።

#lexically - እያንዳንዱ programming language የራሱ dictionary አለው; ይህ ደግሞ ከnatural language dictionary በብዙ ቀለል ያለ ነው።

#syntactically - እያንዳንዱ ቋንቋ የራሱ ይሆነ ህግ አለው እናም they must be obeyed for communication to occur

#semantically - the program has to make sense
ነገር ግን program የፃፈው ሰው ሊሳሳት ይችላል የዚያን ጊዜ ደግሞ Each of them can cause the program to become completely useless.

ለምሳሌ አንድ program በትክክል ፅፋችኋል ብለን እናስብ፣  ኮምፒውተራችን ይሄን program execute እንዲያረግልን በምንድ ነው የምናሳነየው?🤔

የፆፍነውን program in to  a machine language render ማረግ ይኖርብናል፣ Luckily, the translation can be done by a computer itself, making the whole process fast and efficient.

High Programming Language ወደ machine language የምንቀይርባቸው ሁለት መንገዶች አሉ:

⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡

#1_COMPILATION - source program አንዴ translated ይሆናል (however, ይህን each time source code በተቀያየረ ቁጥር modify እናረጋለን by getting a file (e.g., an .exe file if the code is intended to run under MS Windows) machine code የያዘ ማለት ነው; then create ያረግነውን file  distribute ማረግ እንችላለን ; ይሄንን translate የሚያረግልን program  compiler ወይም translator ይባላል።

Eg of compiled languages: C, C++, C#

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#2_INTERPRETATION - የአንድ written code ተጠቃሚ ሁሉ source program each time run ማረግ ሲፈልግ translateያረገዋል; ይሄንን የሚያረግልን program ደግሞ interpreter ይባላል፣ አስተርጓሚ እንደማለት ነው። ምክኒያቱ ደግሞ everytime code execute በፈለግን ቁጥር ስለሚተረጉምልን ነው። interprets the code every time it is intended to be executed;

ይህ ማለት ደግሞ source code ልክ እንዳለ distribute ማረግ አንችልም ማለት ነው፣ ምክንያቱም the end user codeኡን execute ለማረግ   አስተርጓሚ(interpreter) ያስፈልገዋል።

Eg of Interpreted languages: Python, JavaScript

Any programming language ከእነዚህ ከሁለቱ መካከል ነው የሚመደበው።

There are very few  languages that can be both compiled and interpreted. usually,  compiled programs run faster than interpreted programs.

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