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✅Answer  👇

PART I — True or False

1. "If a condition is false, its statement executes and terminates the chain"
Explanation: When a condition is false, its body is skipped, not executed.
✅ Answer: FALSE       

2. "A function cannot be defined inside another function"
Explanation: In C++, you strictly cannot write a function inside another function.  በ C++ ውስጥ አንድ function ውስጥ ሌላ function መጻፍ አይቻልም። ይህ የ C++ ጥብቅ rule ነው።
✅ Answer: TRUE


3. Does *ptr = 11 change i to 11?
Explanation: ptr holds the address of i. Using *ptr means go to that address and change the value → i becomes 11.                                                                                                 ptr የ i ን address ይዟል። *ptr = 11 ማለት "ወደ address ሂድ እና valueውን ቀይር" ማለት ነው → i = 11 ይሆናል።
✅ Answer: TRUE


4. Can both foo functions coexist?
Explanation: Yes — this is function overloading. Same name, different parameters = allowed.
✅ Answer: TRUE


5. Is strlen("Cletus") equal to 7?
Explanation: strlen() counts only the letters — NOT the null character '\0'. "Cletus" = 6 letters → strlen = 6.
✅ Answer: FALSE 

PART II — Multiple Choice


Q1. Which array declaration is NOT correct?
Explanation: Arrays must be initialized with curly braces {}, not square brackets [].
✅ Answer: C


Q2. Which is NOT true?
Explanation: Option B says "when condition is false, the if body executes" — that is completely wrong. When false, the else body runs.
✅ Answer: B


Q3. Statement for alternate paths based on condition?
Explanation: for and while are loops. The if statement is used for choosing alternate execution paths.
✅ Answer: A


Q4. Which is TRUE about arrays?
Explanation: Array size must be decided at compile time — you can't change it while the program runs.
✅ Answer: C


Q6. Correct variable name?
Explanation: Variable names can only have letters, digits, and underscore _. $ and @ are not allowed in C++.
✅ Answer: B


Q7. Output of str[5]?
Explanation: Counting from index 0: H(0) e(1) l(2) l(3) o(4) space(5) → space is at index 5.
✅ Answer: C — Space


Q8. Output of -2 * array[2]?
Explanation: array[2] = 40 (third element). Then -2 × 40 = -80.
✅ Answer: C — -80

Q9. Pointer program output?
Explanation: ptr = x assigns the value 7 as an address — this is wrong. It should be ptr = &x. This causes a compiler error. 
✅ Answer: C — Error

Q10. Output of const program?
Explanation: const means the value cannot be changed. Trying a++ on a const variable causes a compiler error.
✅ Answer: D — Error

Q11. How many times is "CppBuzz.com" printed?
Explanation: i goes from 0 to 4 (when i=5, condition i<5 is false → no goto). So it prints 5 times.
✅ Answer: B — 5 times


Q12. Output of a++, b, c?
Explanation: b = a++ means b gets the current value of a (10) first, then a becomes 11. Then c = a → c = 11. Output: 11 10 11
✅ Answer: A — 111011

Q13. Variable declared inside a function?
Explanation: A variable declared inside a function only exists within that function — called a local variable.
✅ Answer: B — Local variable

Q14. Output of car() program?
Explanation: car() is called once in main → prints "Audi R8" once.
✅ Answer: A — Audi R8

Q15. Output of fun(x, y)?
Explanation: fun uses pass by value — it receives copies. Changing x and y inside fun does NOT affect the originals in main. So y stays 20.
✅ Answer: B — 20
                                                                                                                                                                                      PART III — Short Answers

Q1. Declaration of x pointed to by Ptr:
Explanation: To declare a pointer to an integer variable:
int x;
int *Ptr = &x;
Q2. Pass by Value vs Pass by Reference:
Explanation :
Pass by Value -A copy is sent to the function and Original is NOT changed
Pass by Reference-The actual variable is sent using & and Original IS changed

@ProgrammingWithFaith2018

void byValue(int x) { x = 100; }    // original value አይቀይርም
void byRef(int &x)  { x = 100; }    // original value ይቀይራል

Q3. Function Overloading:
Explanation: Multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. The compiler chooses the right one based on the arguments passed.  አንድ ስም ያላቸው ግን የተለያዩ parameters ያላቸው functions። compiler የሚጠሩበትን arguments ተመርኩዞ ትክክለኛውን function ይመርጣል።

int add(int a, int b)       { return a + b; }   // ሁለት int
float add(float a, float b) { return a + b; }   // ሁለት float
// አንድ ስም ነው "add" - ግን parameters ይለያያሉ 
    

                                                                                                                                                                               
PART IV — Output Questions

Q1. 2D Array output:
Explanation: The loops run only for i=2, j=0 → that is val[2][0] = 1.
✅ Output: 1

Q2a. break version:
Explanation: sum=+i means sum = +i (assign), not sum += i (add). When i=3, break fires immediately before assignment.
i=5 → sum=5, i=4 → sum=4, i=3 → break!

✅ Output: 4

Q2b. continue version:
Explanation: continue skips to the next iteration. sum+=i comes after continue so it never executes. Sum stays 0.
✅ Output: 0

Q3. String program:
Explanation: strncpy(z, y, 9) copies first 9 characters of y into z. Then z[9]='\0' ends the string.
✅ Output:

String y: It is a nice day
String z: It is a n

Q
4. Swap function:
Explanation : A is pass by value (copy), B is pass by reference (real). So only b changes in main.
A=4+18=22 (local), B=22-18=4 (b in main changes!), A=22-4=18 (local only)
Back in main: a=4, b=4
✅ Output: 4, 4


PART V — Programs


Q1. Income Tax

using namespace std;
int main(){
    float salary, tax = 0;
    cout << "Enter salary: ";
    cin >> salary;

    if(salary <= 200)
        tax = 0;
    else if(salary <= 600)
        tax = (salary - 200) * 0.10;
    else if(salary <= 1200)
        tax = 400*0.10 + (salary - 600)*0.15;
    else if(salary <= 2000)
        tax = 400*0.10 + 600*0.15 + (salary-1200)*0.20;
    else if(salary <= 3500)
        tax = 400*0.10 + 600*0.15 + 800*0.20 + (salary-2000)*0.25;
    else
        tax = 400*0.10 + 600*0.15 + 800*0.20 + 1500*0.25 + (salary-3500)*0.30;

    cout << "Income tax = " << tax << " Birr" << endl;
    return 0;
}

Q2. Count students below 45

using namespace std;
int main(){
    int n, mark, count = 0;
    cout << "Enter number of students: ";
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cout << "Enter mark for student " << i+1 << ": ";
        cin >> mark;
        if(mark < 45)
            count++;
    }
    cout << "Students below 45: " << count << endl;
    return 0;
}

Q3. Enter until negative

using namespace std;
void enterNumbers(){
    int num;
    while(true){
        cout << "Enter a number: ";
        cin >> num;
        if(num < 0){
            cout << "Now you have entered a negative number" << endl;
            break;
        }
    }
}
int main(){
    enterNumbers();
    return 0;
}

@ProgrammingWithFaith2018

If anyone has last year's C++ final exam, please post it here in the comment section. 💻📝

@ProgrammingWithFaith2018
📲

1.

Function declaration malet just le compilerሁ sle function መንገር nw

Syntax : datatypes  functions_name(parameters )

Example

int sum(int a,int b)
with parameter
int sum() without parameter


So

Answer:) D
Because it lack return type


2.
ANSWER:) A

We define structure first then we create a variable @ProgrammingWithFaith2018

3.
To create 2D array the syntax is:)
Datatypes array[row][column ]

int array[10][5];

Answer :) C

4.

Answer :) A