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✅Answer  👇

PART I — True or False

1. "If a condition is false, its statement executes and terminates the chain"
Explanation: When a condition is false, its body is skipped, not executed.
✅ Answer: FALSE       

2. "A function cannot be defined inside another function"
Explanation: In C++, you strictly cannot write a function inside another function.  በ C++ ውስጥ አንድ function ውስጥ ሌላ function መጻፍ አይቻልም። ይህ የ C++ ጥብቅ rule ነው።
✅ Answer: TRUE


3. Does *ptr = 11 change i to 11?
Explanation: ptr holds the address of i. Using *ptr means go to that address and change the value → i becomes 11.                                                                                                 ptr የ i ን address ይዟል። *ptr = 11 ማለት "ወደ address ሂድ እና valueውን ቀይር" ማለት ነው → i = 11 ይሆናል።
✅ Answer: TRUE


4. Can both foo functions coexist?
Explanation: Yes — this is function overloading. Same name, different parameters = allowed.
✅ Answer: TRUE


5. Is strlen("Cletus") equal to 7?
Explanation: strlen() counts only the letters — NOT the null character '\0'. "Cletus" = 6 letters → strlen = 6.
✅ Answer: FALSE 

PART II — Multiple Choice


Q1. Which array declaration is NOT correct?
Explanation: Arrays must be initialized with curly braces {}, not square brackets [].
✅ Answer: C


Q2. Which is NOT true?
Explanation: Option B says "when condition is false, the if body executes" — that is completely wrong. When false, the else body runs.
✅ Answer: B


Q3. Statement for alternate paths based on condition?
Explanation: for and while are loops. The if statement is used for choosing alternate execution paths.
✅ Answer: A


Q4. Which is TRUE about arrays?
Explanation: Array size must be decided at compile time — you can't change it while the program runs.
✅ Answer: C


Q6. Correct variable name?
Explanation: Variable names can only have letters, digits, and underscore _. $ and @ are not allowed in C++.
✅ Answer: B


Q7. Output of str[5]?
Explanation: Counting from index 0: H(0) e(1) l(2) l(3) o(4) space(5) → space is at index 5.
✅ Answer: C — Space


Q8. Output of -2 * array[2]?
Explanation: array[2] = 40 (third element). Then -2 × 40 = -80.
✅ Answer: C — -80

Q9. Pointer program output?
Explanation: ptr = x assigns the value 7 as an address — this is wrong. It should be ptr = &x. This causes a compiler error. 
✅ Answer: C — Error

Q10. Output of const program?
Explanation: const means the value cannot be changed. Trying a++ on a const variable causes a compiler error.
✅ Answer: D — Error

Q11. How many times is "CppBuzz.com" printed?
Explanation: i goes from 0 to 4 (when i=5, condition i<5 is false → no goto). So it prints 5 times.
✅ Answer: B — 5 times


Q12. Output of a++, b, c?
Explanation: b = a++ means b gets the current value of a (10) first, then a becomes 11. Then c = a → c = 11. Output: 11 10 11
✅ Answer: A — 111011

Q13. Variable declared inside a function?
Explanation: A variable declared inside a function only exists within that function — called a local variable.
✅ Answer: B — Local variable

Q14. Output of car() program?
Explanation: car() is called once in main → prints "Audi R8" once.
✅ Answer: A — Audi R8

Q15. Output of fun(x, y)?
Explanation: fun uses pass by value — it receives copies. Changing x and y inside fun does NOT affect the originals in main. So y stays 20.
✅ Answer: B — 20
                                                                                                                                                                                      PART III — Short Answers

Q1. Declaration of x pointed to by Ptr:
Explanation: To declare a pointer to an integer variable:
int x;
int *Ptr = &x;
Q2. Pass by Value vs Pass by Reference:
Explanation :
Pass by Value -A copy is sent to the function and Original is NOT changed
Pass by Reference-The actual variable is sent using & and Original IS changed

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