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Fred Riggs - IGNOU Highlights Series - No. 24.pdf
3.5 MB
Public Administration
Forwarded from UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS
Strait of Malacca, waterway is connect which two water bodies?
Anonymous Quiz
51%
A: Andaman Sea to South China Sea
21%
B: Andaman Sea to Red Sea
18%
C: South China Sea to Black Sea
10%
D: None of these
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UKPSC Exam Calendar-2023-24 (Updated).pdf
652.3 KB
UKPSC (Updated) Exam Calendar-2023-24
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📍Important Words For International Relations
Please keep the meanings of the three
following terminologies in mind :
💡State – It is a political association that has a defined territory with a permanent population to be governed by a government which is sovereign.
💡 Sovereignty – It means a situation of an absence of an authority higher than the state. It means state has the freedom to take independent decisions in domestic and international affairs without being answerable to any authority above it.
💡 Security – It means a situation of an absence of any threat. Security at a micro level is called human security, at state level is called national security and at a global level is called international security.
Please keep the meanings of the three
following terminologies in mind :
💡State – It is a political association that has a defined territory with a permanent population to be governed by a government which is sovereign.
💡 Sovereignty – It means a situation of an absence of an authority higher than the state. It means state has the freedom to take independent decisions in domestic and international affairs without being answerable to any authority above it.
💡 Security – It means a situation of an absence of any threat. Security at a micro level is called human security, at state level is called national security and at a global level is called international security.
📍BASIC TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
💡Anti-ballistic Missile: It is a system with two components—namely a radar and an interceptor missile. An anti- ballistic missile protects or defends a designated target against an incoming missile from an enemy territory.
💡Accidental War: There are two meanings to this term. Firstly, it may be used to define a war that may have resulted from a technical malfunction or mishap. In this case, it is unintentional and not deliberate. Secondly, it may be caused due to perceptions misconstrued by a state where it fails to read a particular situation correctly and responds with violence.
💡Anti-ballistic Missile: It is a system with two components—namely a radar and an interceptor missile. An anti- ballistic missile protects or defends a designated target against an incoming missile from an enemy territory.
💡Accidental War: There are two meanings to this term. Firstly, it may be used to define a war that may have resulted from a technical malfunction or mishap. In this case, it is unintentional and not deliberate. Secondly, it may be caused due to perceptions misconstrued by a state where it fails to read a particular situation correctly and responds with violence.
📌ACTION - REACTION IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🔸This term is mostly used in conflict analyses and game theory. Lewis Fry Richardson, a scholar who theorized the arms race, explained the concept in the Richardson process.
🔸To easily understand this concept, we can take example of two states, A and B. Let’s say, for instance, that State B increases its military capability.
🔸Perceiving this as a threat, State A reacts by increasing own military expenditure.
🔸The reaction by State A is perceived by State B differently. State B feels that increased military expenditure by State A has reduced the margins of safety of State B, and thus State B responds to it, in turn, by increasing its own arms budget. Thus, an action leads to a reaction.
🔸This term is mostly used in conflict analyses and game theory. Lewis Fry Richardson, a scholar who theorized the arms race, explained the concept in the Richardson process.
🔸To easily understand this concept, we can take example of two states, A and B. Let’s say, for instance, that State B increases its military capability.
🔸Perceiving this as a threat, State A reacts by increasing own military expenditure.
🔸The reaction by State A is perceived by State B differently. State B feels that increased military expenditure by State A has reduced the margins of safety of State B, and thus State B responds to it, in turn, by increasing its own arms budget. Thus, an action leads to a reaction.
📌ACTOR: In international relations, any entity which plays an identifiable role or is a stakeholder is termed as an actor. It is a very broad term which is used to signify personalities, organizations, states, institutions, and so forth.
📌 ADJUDICATION: Adjudication is a process of using international law to settle international disputes by referring them to a court of law. The League of Nations, after the World War– I, established the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was succeeded by International Court of Justice in 1945.
📌 ADJUDICATION: Adjudication is a process of using international law to settle international disputes by referring them to a court of law. The League of Nations, after the World War– I, established the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was succeeded by International Court of Justice in 1945.