مقایسه #ایالات_متحده_آمریکا_و_گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
USA vs BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa) Who Would Win?
Are we currently on the brink of seeing a shift towards new global superpowers? If we look at the power wielded by any nation right now, the United States could be said to be in a globally dominant position.
Before it, Great Britain and its empire was the dominant global force, and prior to that there is a long line of countries that have at one time sat at the apex of the global economy, culture, science, and military strength.
Great nations may also decline, a concept known as declinism, while simultaneously other nations are busy evolving into powerful states.
What is BRICS?
BRICS is an acronym standing for the five countries it represents: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The acronym at first was just BRIC, until South Africa made an appeaance in the association in 2010. BRIC was formally started in 2006 when the first BRIC meeting was held, under the aegis of a mutual agreement to boost each member country’s development. Not only developments relating to economy, business and trade, but also education, agriculture, health, technology, science and the arts.
What is the economy of BRICS like?
Together BRICS is a powerful conglomerate, accounting for 42.58 percent of the world’s population and according to the International Monetary Fund, about 22 percent of the world GDP. Compared to the United States, in terms of size alone, it’s Goliath staring down at David. If we look at the numbers, BRICS has a combined population of about 3.6 billion people. The USA has a population of just 325 million people. The U.S. GDP is the biggest in the world at 18 trillion-plus dollars, although BRICS combined has a GDP of 37 trillion dollars. The U.S. is not expected to make any headway on BRICS any time soon regarding economic growth, with its estimated growth to be around 2 percent over the next few years. BRICS is expected to see growth of around 5 percent. In an article in the Atlantic published in 2012, Goldman Sachs projected that China’s GDP alone would be equal to America’s by 2027, and then leap past it. In regard to economy, BRICS nations are ascending quickly. This growth, it’s believed, will lead to much stronger militaries, especially those of China and India.
How much do BRICS countries spend on military?
Right now, the U.S. spends more on its military than any other nation, with a defense budget of 639 billion dollars for 2018. It’s such a large budget, that even 5 emerging nations’ defense budgets together don’t exceed it. According to the Global Firepower index, Brazil’s military budget is currently 24.5 billion dollars, Russia’s is 44.6 billion, India’s is 51 billion, China’s is 161.7 billion and South Africa’s is 4.6 billion. Combined, BRICS countries have a defense budget of 286.4 billion dollars. This is even more astonishing when you consider that China and India are both in the top countries for highest military expenditures.
How much manpower do BRICS countries have?
In terms of feet on the ground, you probably already know the U.S. is severely outmanned. The U.S. has 1.3 million active military personnel, and a further 811,000 acting as reserve personnel. China alone has 4.6 million total personnel, India 3.4 million, Russia 3.2 million, Brazil 2.1 million, and South Africa 106,000. In total, that is almost 13.5 million people ready to fight.
مقایسه #ایالات_متحده_آمریکا_و_گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
USA vs BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa) Who Would Win?
Are we currently on the brink of seeing a shift towards new global superpowers? If we look at the power wielded by any nation right now, the United States could be said to be in a globally dominant position.
Before it, Great Britain and its empire was the dominant global force, and prior to that there is a long line of countries that have at one time sat at the apex of the global economy, culture, science, and military strength.
Great nations may also decline, a concept known as declinism, while simultaneously other nations are busy evolving into powerful states.
What is BRICS?
BRICS is an acronym standing for the five countries it represents: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The acronym at first was just BRIC, until South Africa made an appeaance in the association in 2010. BRIC was formally started in 2006 when the first BRIC meeting was held, under the aegis of a mutual agreement to boost each member country’s development. Not only developments relating to economy, business and trade, but also education, agriculture, health, technology, science and the arts.
What is the economy of BRICS like?
Together BRICS is a powerful conglomerate, accounting for 42.58 percent of the world’s population and according to the International Monetary Fund, about 22 percent of the world GDP. Compared to the United States, in terms of size alone, it’s Goliath staring down at David. If we look at the numbers, BRICS has a combined population of about 3.6 billion people. The USA has a population of just 325 million people. The U.S. GDP is the biggest in the world at 18 trillion-plus dollars, although BRICS combined has a GDP of 37 trillion dollars. The U.S. is not expected to make any headway on BRICS any time soon regarding economic growth, with its estimated growth to be around 2 percent over the next few years. BRICS is expected to see growth of around 5 percent. In an article in the Atlantic published in 2012, Goldman Sachs projected that China’s GDP alone would be equal to America’s by 2027, and then leap past it. In regard to economy, BRICS nations are ascending quickly. This growth, it’s believed, will lead to much stronger militaries, especially those of China and India.
How much do BRICS countries spend on military?
Right now, the U.S. spends more on its military than any other nation, with a defense budget of 639 billion dollars for 2018. It’s such a large budget, that even 5 emerging nations’ defense budgets together don’t exceed it. According to the Global Firepower index, Brazil’s military budget is currently 24.5 billion dollars, Russia’s is 44.6 billion, India’s is 51 billion, China’s is 161.7 billion and South Africa’s is 4.6 billion. Combined, BRICS countries have a defense budget of 286.4 billion dollars. This is even more astonishing when you consider that China and India are both in the top countries for highest military expenditures.
How much manpower do BRICS countries have?
In terms of feet on the ground, you probably already know the U.S. is severely outmanned. The U.S. has 1.3 million active military personnel, and a further 811,000 acting as reserve personnel. China alone has 4.6 million total personnel, India 3.4 million, Russia 3.2 million, Brazil 2.1 million, and South Africa 106,000. In total, that is almost 13.5 million people ready to fight.
مقایسه #ایالات_متحده_آمریکا_و_گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
مقایسه #ایالات_متحده_آمریکا_و_گروه_بریکس
How strong are BRICS ground units?
Workforce aside, the USA still spends more than all these other countries. So where does the money go? In terms of land equipment, the USA has around 5,884 tanks, 41,000 armored fighting vehicles, 1,934 self-propelled guns, 1,299 towed artillery, and 1,331 multiple-launch rocket systems. Most of this equipment is the latest in military innovations, with the U.S. continually developing more advanced war machines such as its latest battle tank, the M1A2 SEP v4.
Russia and China, the two strongest of the BRICS militaries, alone make a formidable force on the ground. If the two nations were to form a military duo, they’d have over 24,000 main battles tanks, over 35,000 armored fighting vehicles, almost 8,000 self-propelled guns, over 12,000 towed artillery and over 5,000 multiple launch rocket systems. As well as having strong fleets of tanks, the two countries are currently developing two new tanks that are rated as highly as the new M1A2, in China’s VT-4 and Russia’s T-14 Armata.
India also has some modern land equipment, and is currently investing billions of its new money into thousands of pieces of new artillery. This will include a fleet of Arjun MK-II third-generation battle tanks. Brazil has modern weapons, much of which was bought from the USA, the world’s biggest arms exporter. It’s most extolled land weapon is its almost 400-strong fleet of German-made Leopard 1 tanks that it acquired in 2006.
How strong is BRICS air force?
If the USA can’t compete on the ground, it certainly can in the air. The United States air force is by far the most advanced in the world. The number of modern aircraft alone in the U.S. air force can match a number of leading nations put together. This can be credited to the U.S. air force having a bigger budget than any other nation’s entire military budget.
From its 13,444 aircrafts, the U.S. can choose from a number of some of the world’s most advanced machines. This includes almost a thousand F-16 Fighting Falcons, 195 F-22A Raptors, 257 F-15E Strike Eagles, a large fleet of McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornets and F/A-18E Super Hornets, as well as its new pride of the skies, a fleet of F-35A Lightning IIs.
As we said, no air force comes close to this, but Russia, India and China have highly rated equipment and are often part of lists containing what is said to be the world’s best air forces. It’s worth noting that the latter two countries are investing heavily in aerial military developments. Russia’s most advanced aircraft is it’s highly rated Sukhoi Su-35, followed by its Sukhoi Su-27s and MiG-31 interceptors, all of which are part of a fleet of 3,000 aircraft. That’s why Russia usually follows the U.S. on the most powerful list.
India also has a considerable cache of aircraft, including Russian-made Sukhoi Su-30MKIs and Mikoyan MiG-29s, as well as the respected French-built multi-role fighter, the Dassault Mirage 2000. China is perhaps playing catch-up, but it’s doing a good job. Its fleet consists of Russia’s Su-35s and Su-27s but the country is also looking to match America’s F-35 with its own Chengdu J-20 stealth fighter. Brazil’s most modern aircraft, the Saab JAS 39 Gripen multirole fighter, is another top ten aerial fighting machine. Currently the South African air force has nothing that compares to its BRICS partners.
How strong is BRICS navy?
As we take to the seas, again the United States spends as much on its navy – about 170 billion dollars – as other countries could only hope to spend on all military branches. Much of this money goes on infrastructure, operations and maintenance, personnel, research and development, as well as acquiring new ships. The USA currently leads the world in terms of aircraft carriers, owning 11 of them.
It’s currently developing the Gerald R. Ford class super-carrier, which should help bolster the navy’s position as a global leader. These ships are of great importance as they are in effect floating militaries.
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
How strong are BRICS ground units?
Workforce aside, the USA still spends more than all these other countries. So where does the money go? In terms of land equipment, the USA has around 5,884 tanks, 41,000 armored fighting vehicles, 1,934 self-propelled guns, 1,299 towed artillery, and 1,331 multiple-launch rocket systems. Most of this equipment is the latest in military innovations, with the U.S. continually developing more advanced war machines such as its latest battle tank, the M1A2 SEP v4.
Russia and China, the two strongest of the BRICS militaries, alone make a formidable force on the ground. If the two nations were to form a military duo, they’d have over 24,000 main battles tanks, over 35,000 armored fighting vehicles, almost 8,000 self-propelled guns, over 12,000 towed artillery and over 5,000 multiple launch rocket systems. As well as having strong fleets of tanks, the two countries are currently developing two new tanks that are rated as highly as the new M1A2, in China’s VT-4 and Russia’s T-14 Armata.
India also has some modern land equipment, and is currently investing billions of its new money into thousands of pieces of new artillery. This will include a fleet of Arjun MK-II third-generation battle tanks. Brazil has modern weapons, much of which was bought from the USA, the world’s biggest arms exporter. It’s most extolled land weapon is its almost 400-strong fleet of German-made Leopard 1 tanks that it acquired in 2006.
How strong is BRICS air force?
If the USA can’t compete on the ground, it certainly can in the air. The United States air force is by far the most advanced in the world. The number of modern aircraft alone in the U.S. air force can match a number of leading nations put together. This can be credited to the U.S. air force having a bigger budget than any other nation’s entire military budget.
From its 13,444 aircrafts, the U.S. can choose from a number of some of the world’s most advanced machines. This includes almost a thousand F-16 Fighting Falcons, 195 F-22A Raptors, 257 F-15E Strike Eagles, a large fleet of McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornets and F/A-18E Super Hornets, as well as its new pride of the skies, a fleet of F-35A Lightning IIs.
As we said, no air force comes close to this, but Russia, India and China have highly rated equipment and are often part of lists containing what is said to be the world’s best air forces. It’s worth noting that the latter two countries are investing heavily in aerial military developments. Russia’s most advanced aircraft is it’s highly rated Sukhoi Su-35, followed by its Sukhoi Su-27s and MiG-31 interceptors, all of which are part of a fleet of 3,000 aircraft. That’s why Russia usually follows the U.S. on the most powerful list.
India also has a considerable cache of aircraft, including Russian-made Sukhoi Su-30MKIs and Mikoyan MiG-29s, as well as the respected French-built multi-role fighter, the Dassault Mirage 2000. China is perhaps playing catch-up, but it’s doing a good job. Its fleet consists of Russia’s Su-35s and Su-27s but the country is also looking to match America’s F-35 with its own Chengdu J-20 stealth fighter. Brazil’s most modern aircraft, the Saab JAS 39 Gripen multirole fighter, is another top ten aerial fighting machine. Currently the South African air force has nothing that compares to its BRICS partners.
How strong is BRICS navy?
As we take to the seas, again the United States spends as much on its navy – about 170 billion dollars – as other countries could only hope to spend on all military branches. Much of this money goes on infrastructure, operations and maintenance, personnel, research and development, as well as acquiring new ships. The USA currently leads the world in terms of aircraft carriers, owning 11 of them.
It’s currently developing the Gerald R. Ford class super-carrier, which should help bolster the navy’s position as a global leader. These ships are of great importance as they are in effect floating militaries.
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
مقایسه #ایالات_متحده_آمریکا_و_گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
The U.S. also has 22 cruisers, 67 destroyers, 8 frigates, 75 submarines, 0 corvettes, 9 amphibious assault ships, 11 mine warfare ships and 55 patrol ships. rines, 0 corvettes, 9 amphibious assault ships, 11 mine warfare ships and 55 patrol ships.
According to National Interest, the USA and the UK will be followed by three countries as the most powerful navies in the near future. You guessed it, those countries are China, India and Russia. While Russia is to be expected, both India and China have been pouring money into their respective navies.
Pundits believe that by 2030, India will have the second largest navy in the world, and will also have its own supercarrier. It currently has one aircraft carrier, 0 cruisers, 11 destroyers, 14 frigates, 15 submarines, 23 corvettes, 0 amphibious assault ships, 7 mine warfare ships and 72 patrol ships. China is on track to have the largest fleet come 2030, and is close to finishing its secret supercarrier, the CV-18. Russia’s greatest threat is its large fleet of 60 submarines, some carrying devastating ballistic missiles. Again, both Brazil and South Africa are not regarded as having strong navies in terms of global power, but together the former triumvirate of BRICS navies would be dominant if they were all on the same side.
What about nuclear capabilities?
The U.S. and Russia own around half of all the nuclear weapons in the world, with China’s small arsenal of around 260 non-deployed weapons being a matter of speculation in terms of numbers. India is said to have around 120 warheads, and is believed to be working on increasing its nuclear arsenal. Brazil and South Africa have no nuclear weapons.
So, do you think the US would stand a chance against BRICS, or would it be a total wipeout? Let us know in the comments!
Sources:
https://brics2017.org/English/AboutBRICS/BRICS/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS
https://knoema.com/qhswwkc/us-gdp-growth-forecast-2015-2019-and-up-to-2060-data-and-charts
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/02/the-world-in-2050-when-the-5-largest-economies-are-the-brics-and-us/253160/
http://www.globalfirepower.com/defense-spending-budget.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_equipment_of_the_Brazilian_Army
http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=100596
http://www.hellotravel.com/stories/top-10-strongest-air-forces-of-world
http://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/Documents/18pres/DON_PB_OVERVIEW.pdf
http://thediplomat.com/2014/04/does-the-us-navy-have-10-or-19-aircraft-carriers/
http://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-5-most-powerful-navies-2030-16723?page=2
http://www.icanw.org/the-facts/nuclear-arsenals/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nikolas-kozloff/wikileaks-brazils-militar_b_823124.html
مقایسه #ایالات_متحده_آمریکا_و_گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
The U.S. also has 22 cruisers, 67 destroyers, 8 frigates, 75 submarines, 0 corvettes, 9 amphibious assault ships, 11 mine warfare ships and 55 patrol ships. rines, 0 corvettes, 9 amphibious assault ships, 11 mine warfare ships and 55 patrol ships.
According to National Interest, the USA and the UK will be followed by three countries as the most powerful navies in the near future. You guessed it, those countries are China, India and Russia. While Russia is to be expected, both India and China have been pouring money into their respective navies.
Pundits believe that by 2030, India will have the second largest navy in the world, and will also have its own supercarrier. It currently has one aircraft carrier, 0 cruisers, 11 destroyers, 14 frigates, 15 submarines, 23 corvettes, 0 amphibious assault ships, 7 mine warfare ships and 72 patrol ships. China is on track to have the largest fleet come 2030, and is close to finishing its secret supercarrier, the CV-18. Russia’s greatest threat is its large fleet of 60 submarines, some carrying devastating ballistic missiles. Again, both Brazil and South Africa are not regarded as having strong navies in terms of global power, but together the former triumvirate of BRICS navies would be dominant if they were all on the same side.
What about nuclear capabilities?
The U.S. and Russia own around half of all the nuclear weapons in the world, with China’s small arsenal of around 260 non-deployed weapons being a matter of speculation in terms of numbers. India is said to have around 120 warheads, and is believed to be working on increasing its nuclear arsenal. Brazil and South Africa have no nuclear weapons.
So, do you think the US would stand a chance against BRICS, or would it be a total wipeout? Let us know in the comments!
Sources:
https://brics2017.org/English/AboutBRICS/BRICS/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS
https://knoema.com/qhswwkc/us-gdp-growth-forecast-2015-2019-and-up-to-2060-data-and-charts
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/02/the-world-in-2050-when-the-5-largest-economies-are-the-brics-and-us/253160/
http://www.globalfirepower.com/defense-spending-budget.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_equipment_of_the_Brazilian_Army
http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=100596
http://www.hellotravel.com/stories/top-10-strongest-air-forces-of-world
http://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/Documents/18pres/DON_PB_OVERVIEW.pdf
http://thediplomat.com/2014/04/does-the-us-navy-have-10-or-19-aircraft-carriers/
http://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-5-most-powerful-navies-2030-16723?page=2
http://www.icanw.org/the-facts/nuclear-arsenals/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nikolas-kozloff/wikileaks-brazils-militar_b_823124.html
مقایسه #ایالات_متحده_آمریکا_و_گروه_بریکس
#ایالات_متحده_آمریکا
#گروه_بریکس
@PoliticalCompass —11.pdf
430.3 KB
#نقشه_زنان_در_سیاست
This map is a unique visual tool that captures women’s participation in executive government and in parliament on a given date—1st January 2019.
The map of Women in Politics not only provides a country ranking for both ministerial and parliamentary representation, but also statistics on women in political leadership positions—Heads of State or government, women Speakers of Parliament, as well as ministerial portfolios held by women throughout the world.
Borders are depicted and used on the map in order to present data.
They are not the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.
#نقشه_زنان_در_سیاست
@PoliticalCompass
This map is a unique visual tool that captures women’s participation in executive government and in parliament on a given date—1st January 2019.
The map of Women in Politics not only provides a country ranking for both ministerial and parliamentary representation, but also statistics on women in political leadership positions—Heads of State or government, women Speakers of Parliament, as well as ministerial portfolios held by women throughout the world.
Borders are depicted and used on the map in order to present data.
They are not the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.
#نقشه_زنان_در_سیاست
@PoliticalCompass
✔️ نگاه اجمالی به احزاب سیاسی فرانسه
@PoliticalCompass
• نظام انتخاباتی فرانسه یک نظام دو مرحلهای است لیکن با ویژگیهای خاص فرانسوی، این نظام سختی و عدم انعطاف نظامهای حزبی انگلیس و آمریکا را ندارد.
• در فرانسه احزاب سیاسی در قرن بیستم بوجود آمدند ولی پیش از آن جامعه مدنی شکل گرفته بود. نهادهای مدنی مانند؛ انجمنها، سازمانهای مردم نهاد، روزنامه و سندیکاها بسیار پر سابقهتر از احزاب سیاسی هستند. با فراهم شدن بسترهای قانونی و زمینههای اجتماعی و فرهنگی همین نهادهای مدنی به عنوان هستههای اولیه به احزاب سیاسی تغییر شکل دادند. همانطور که نظام سیاسی فرانسه تحت تاثیر ۵ جمهوری قرار گرفته احزاب سیاسی نیز از این وضعیت بینصیب نمانده است.
• پس از جنگ جهانی دوم ژنرال دوگل به فرانسه بازگشت و جمهوری چهارم را بر پایه احزاب سیاسی تشکیل داد. دولت ژنرال دوگل در برگیرنده سه حزب سیاسی بود. در این دولت ۳ کمونیست، ۴ سوسیالیست، ۳ نفر از جناح راست، ۳ نفر رادیکال و ۱ نفر معتدل حضور داشتند. اما بعد از تحولات داخلی نگرش وی در مورد احزاب تغییر کرد. وی به این نتیجه رسید که جمهوری چهارم به دلیل قدرت بیش از اندازه احزاب سیاسی ناکارآمد بود و به همین دلیل به امید از بین بردن حکومت حزبی، جمهوری پنجم را تشکیل داد.
اما این جمهوری نه تنها نتوانست احزاب سیاسی را از بین ببرد، بلکه در قانون اساسی مادهای به احزاب سیاسی اختصاص یافت و برای اولین بار پس از ۵۰ سال فعالیت حزبی احزاب سیاسی جایگاه قانونی یافتند و مورد تأیید قانون اساسی قرار گرفتند. احزاب سیاسی فرانسه بسیار متأثر از نظام انتخاباتی این کشور هستند. رژیم انتخاباتی دو مرحلهای تا حدود زیادی موجب شده تا از تعدد احزاب ریز و درشت در پارلمان فرانسه کاسته شود. احزاب کوچکتر در دوره اول انتخابات از گردونه رقابت خارج میشوند و به دور دوم نمیرسند. با وجود این، تب و تاب و هیجانات سیاسی در فرانسه به حدی است که هر یک از احزاب حتی احزاب کوچک برای خود فضاهایی برای فعالیت مییابند.
• نظام انتخاباتی فرانسه یک نظام دو مرحلهای است لیکن با ویژگیهای خاص فرانسوی، این نظام سختی و عدم انعطاف نظام های حزبی انگلیس و آمریکا را ندارد. احزاب فرانسه بطور سنتی به سه طیف راست، چپ و میانه تقسیم میشوند. این تقسیمبندی مشابه سایر کشورهای غربی است. در جدول ذیل اسامی احزاب سیاسی عمده فرانسه، لوگوها و گرایشهای این احزاب معرفی میشود.
منبع:
پژوهش خبری صدا وسیما// پژوهشگر: رحیم خجسته
#فرانسه
#احزاب_در_فرانسه
#نظام_سیاسی_فرانسه
#انتخابات_فرانسه
@PoliticalCompass
@PoliticalCompass
• نظام انتخاباتی فرانسه یک نظام دو مرحلهای است لیکن با ویژگیهای خاص فرانسوی، این نظام سختی و عدم انعطاف نظامهای حزبی انگلیس و آمریکا را ندارد.
• در فرانسه احزاب سیاسی در قرن بیستم بوجود آمدند ولی پیش از آن جامعه مدنی شکل گرفته بود. نهادهای مدنی مانند؛ انجمنها، سازمانهای مردم نهاد، روزنامه و سندیکاها بسیار پر سابقهتر از احزاب سیاسی هستند. با فراهم شدن بسترهای قانونی و زمینههای اجتماعی و فرهنگی همین نهادهای مدنی به عنوان هستههای اولیه به احزاب سیاسی تغییر شکل دادند. همانطور که نظام سیاسی فرانسه تحت تاثیر ۵ جمهوری قرار گرفته احزاب سیاسی نیز از این وضعیت بینصیب نمانده است.
• پس از جنگ جهانی دوم ژنرال دوگل به فرانسه بازگشت و جمهوری چهارم را بر پایه احزاب سیاسی تشکیل داد. دولت ژنرال دوگل در برگیرنده سه حزب سیاسی بود. در این دولت ۳ کمونیست، ۴ سوسیالیست، ۳ نفر از جناح راست، ۳ نفر رادیکال و ۱ نفر معتدل حضور داشتند. اما بعد از تحولات داخلی نگرش وی در مورد احزاب تغییر کرد. وی به این نتیجه رسید که جمهوری چهارم به دلیل قدرت بیش از اندازه احزاب سیاسی ناکارآمد بود و به همین دلیل به امید از بین بردن حکومت حزبی، جمهوری پنجم را تشکیل داد.
اما این جمهوری نه تنها نتوانست احزاب سیاسی را از بین ببرد، بلکه در قانون اساسی مادهای به احزاب سیاسی اختصاص یافت و برای اولین بار پس از ۵۰ سال فعالیت حزبی احزاب سیاسی جایگاه قانونی یافتند و مورد تأیید قانون اساسی قرار گرفتند. احزاب سیاسی فرانسه بسیار متأثر از نظام انتخاباتی این کشور هستند. رژیم انتخاباتی دو مرحلهای تا حدود زیادی موجب شده تا از تعدد احزاب ریز و درشت در پارلمان فرانسه کاسته شود. احزاب کوچکتر در دوره اول انتخابات از گردونه رقابت خارج میشوند و به دور دوم نمیرسند. با وجود این، تب و تاب و هیجانات سیاسی در فرانسه به حدی است که هر یک از احزاب حتی احزاب کوچک برای خود فضاهایی برای فعالیت مییابند.
• نظام انتخاباتی فرانسه یک نظام دو مرحلهای است لیکن با ویژگیهای خاص فرانسوی، این نظام سختی و عدم انعطاف نظام های حزبی انگلیس و آمریکا را ندارد. احزاب فرانسه بطور سنتی به سه طیف راست، چپ و میانه تقسیم میشوند. این تقسیمبندی مشابه سایر کشورهای غربی است. در جدول ذیل اسامی احزاب سیاسی عمده فرانسه، لوگوها و گرایشهای این احزاب معرفی میشود.
منبع:
پژوهش خبری صدا وسیما// پژوهشگر: رحیم خجسته
#فرانسه
#احزاب_در_فرانسه
#نظام_سیاسی_فرانسه
#انتخابات_فرانسه
@PoliticalCompass
@PoliticalCompass
✔️ احزاب حاضر در پارلمان فرانسه یا پارلمان اروپا
#فرانسه
#احزاب_در_فرانسه
@PoliticalCompass
✔️ احزاب حاضر در پارلمان فرانسه یا پارلمان اروپا
#فرانسه
#احزاب_در_فرانسه
@PoliticalCompass
@PoliticalCompass
✔️ شش حزب اصلی در فرانسه
◼️ 6 Major Political Parties of France – Explained!
Article shared by :
Shubhashree
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Some of the major political parties of France are as follows:
▪️ 1. The Socialist Party:
This is a major political party of France. It was established in 1905. This party believes in state control over industry and state intervention in favour of planned economy. It stands committed to uphold the democratic and republican character of the French Political System. It stands for nationalization, welfare state, planned economic investment, public housing, industrialisation, more civic liberty, municipal liberty and local welfare services.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
It favors the French membership of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and of the EEC and other agencies of the European Community. This party is a well-organised party.The lowest units of this party arc called Sections and these are organised in the Communes, Cantons and Arrondisements.
Several Sections combine together to form a Federation. In each Department there is a Federation. At the apex of the party organisation, is the National Congress. It consists of delegates elected by the Sections and the Federations. It works as the parliament of the party. It appoints a Directory Council and a General Secretary. These two perform the executive functions of the party.
▪️ 2. Popular Republican Movement (M.R.P. i.e. Movement Republican Populaire):
The party was established in 1924 by those persons who were previously the members of the People’s Democratic Party. This is a partly-liberal and partly-socialist party. It is opposed to both extreme liberal capitalism and totalitarian collectivism.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Like the Liberalists, this party also believes in the rights and liberties of the individual. It also favours liberal governmental aid for schools run by the Churches. The members of this party are committed to the Christian ideals. This party is a well-organised party having its units at local, provincial and national levels.
▪️ 3. The Radical Socialist Party:
This party was established in 1936. It represents the interests of the lower classes, small shop-keepers in particular. This party is a loose group of Democratic and Socialist Resistance Unions.
▪️ 4. The Conservatives (The RGR):
This party consists of a number of political groups. At the time of 1946 elections, the Independents, the Peasants, the Socialist Worker’s Party and the Republican Party of Liberty merged with this party. Together, these called themselves the ‘Fourth Force’. It is a rightist party and a firm supporter of the Church and Church institutions. It still calls itself a Fourth Force. It has the support of the Independents, the Peasants, the Socialists Workers’ Party and the Republican Party of Liberty. In fact, these four groups together form the Conservatives or the RGR in the French Party System.
▪️ 5. The Communist Party:
This party had its birth in the form of the Socialist Party in 1892. In 1920, there came a split in the Socialist Party. A majority of the members of this party decided to form the Communist Party which was to follow Marxist-Leninist ideology and programme. Between 1920- 1990, the Communist Party of France remained an active actor in French politics. Its popularity got subsequently reduced. It believes in complete state control over the means of production and distribution. It is a Marxist party working within the democratic French Political System. It is a well disciplined and well-organised party.
The lowest units of this party are the Cells, which are organised in different factories and villages. Several Cells are grouped together to form a Section. At the Department level, there is a Federation which represents the Sections. At the national level, there is the National Congress of the Party. This Congress works as the parliament of the party.
#فرانسه
#احزاب_در_فرانسه
#نظام_سیاسی_فرانسه
✔️ شش حزب اصلی در فرانسه
◼️ 6 Major Political Parties of France – Explained!
Article shared by :
Shubhashree
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Some of the major political parties of France are as follows:
▪️ 1. The Socialist Party:
This is a major political party of France. It was established in 1905. This party believes in state control over industry and state intervention in favour of planned economy. It stands committed to uphold the democratic and republican character of the French Political System. It stands for nationalization, welfare state, planned economic investment, public housing, industrialisation, more civic liberty, municipal liberty and local welfare services.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
It favors the French membership of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and of the EEC and other agencies of the European Community. This party is a well-organised party.The lowest units of this party arc called Sections and these are organised in the Communes, Cantons and Arrondisements.
Several Sections combine together to form a Federation. In each Department there is a Federation. At the apex of the party organisation, is the National Congress. It consists of delegates elected by the Sections and the Federations. It works as the parliament of the party. It appoints a Directory Council and a General Secretary. These two perform the executive functions of the party.
▪️ 2. Popular Republican Movement (M.R.P. i.e. Movement Republican Populaire):
The party was established in 1924 by those persons who were previously the members of the People’s Democratic Party. This is a partly-liberal and partly-socialist party. It is opposed to both extreme liberal capitalism and totalitarian collectivism.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Like the Liberalists, this party also believes in the rights and liberties of the individual. It also favours liberal governmental aid for schools run by the Churches. The members of this party are committed to the Christian ideals. This party is a well-organised party having its units at local, provincial and national levels.
▪️ 3. The Radical Socialist Party:
This party was established in 1936. It represents the interests of the lower classes, small shop-keepers in particular. This party is a loose group of Democratic and Socialist Resistance Unions.
▪️ 4. The Conservatives (The RGR):
This party consists of a number of political groups. At the time of 1946 elections, the Independents, the Peasants, the Socialist Worker’s Party and the Republican Party of Liberty merged with this party. Together, these called themselves the ‘Fourth Force’. It is a rightist party and a firm supporter of the Church and Church institutions. It still calls itself a Fourth Force. It has the support of the Independents, the Peasants, the Socialists Workers’ Party and the Republican Party of Liberty. In fact, these four groups together form the Conservatives or the RGR in the French Party System.
▪️ 5. The Communist Party:
This party had its birth in the form of the Socialist Party in 1892. In 1920, there came a split in the Socialist Party. A majority of the members of this party decided to form the Communist Party which was to follow Marxist-Leninist ideology and programme. Between 1920- 1990, the Communist Party of France remained an active actor in French politics. Its popularity got subsequently reduced. It believes in complete state control over the means of production and distribution. It is a Marxist party working within the democratic French Political System. It is a well disciplined and well-organised party.
The lowest units of this party are the Cells, which are organised in different factories and villages. Several Cells are grouped together to form a Section. At the Department level, there is a Federation which represents the Sections. At the national level, there is the National Congress of the Party. This Congress works as the parliament of the party.
#فرانسه
#احزاب_در_فرانسه
#نظام_سیاسی_فرانسه