A child with Down syndrome presents with urinary incontinence, leg spasticity, hyperreflexia, and Babinski sign. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Spina bifida
35%
Atlantoaxial instability
32%
Cerebral palsy
19%
Guillain-BarrΓ© syndrome
π3β€2
Which trisomy is associated with hypothyroidism?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Trisomy 13
9%
Trisomy 18
70%
Trisomy 21
9%
Trisomy 16
β€5
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme is primarily located in:
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Kidney cortex
11%
Liver sinusoids
53%
Lung capillaries
13%
Adrenal medulla
π₯2
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Gilbert syndrome is caused by:
Anonymous Quiz
9%
Hemolysis of red blood cells
62%
Reduced UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity
6%
Bile duct obstruction
24%
Defective bilirubin uptake in hepatocytes
β€1
The type of hyperbilirubinemia seen in Gilbert syndrome is:
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Conjugated
66%
Unconjugated
11%
Mixed
5%
Direct only
Gilbert syndrome is most commonly triggered by:
Anonymous Quiz
17%
High-fat meals
59%
Stress, fasting, or illness
15%
Alcohol intake in neonates
9%
Bile duct stones
β€1
A key feature of Gilbert syndrome is:
Anonymous Quiz
25%
Severe jaundice with hepatomegaly
49%
Mild intermittent jaundice
20%
Dark urine with pale stool
6%
Progressive liver failure
π2β€1
Liver function tests in Gilbert syndrome are typically:
Anonymous Quiz
26%
Elevated AST and ALT
59%
Normal except for bilirubin
8%
Elevated ALP only
8%
Severely deranged coagulation profile
β€1
Birth weight is typically doubled by:
Anonymous Quiz
17%
3 months
59%
6 months
9%
9 months
14%
12 months
β€2
Birth weight is usually tripled by:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
6 months
19%
9 months
58%
12 months
10%
18 months
β€1
Infant length increases by approximately how much during the first year?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
10%
34%
25%
48%
50%
6%
100%
β€2
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The definitive adult kidney develops from which embryologic structure?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Pronephros
35%
Mesonephros
43%
Metanephros
12%
Ureteric bud
Renal agenesis causes oligohydramnios leading to:
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Turner syndrome
65%
Potter syndrome
21%
Prune belly syndrome
10%
Wilms tumor
β€2
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What structure prevents ascent of a horseshoe kidney?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Abdominal aorta
26%
Superior mesenteric artery
41%
Inferior mesenteric artery
20%
Common iliac artery
β€2π1
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A fixed split S2 in a child with Down syndrome suggests:
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Ventricular septal defect
52%
Atrial septal defect
14%
Pulmonary stenosis
15%
Coarctation of aorta
β€1