Forwarded from Files for Pediatrics and OBGYN | Black Lion ππ
𦻠CHOLESTEATOMA | SOMedEd
Cholesteatoma is a collection of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear. It is not malignant but is locally destructive.
Usually follows chronic otitis media or a retraction pocket where skin gets trapped.
βοΈ Key pathology
Expands and erodes bone
Affects ossicles, mastoid air cells, sometimes facial nerve
π Clinical features
Foul-smelling chronic ear discharge
Painless progressive conductive hearing loss
Ear fullness
π Diagnosis
Otoscopy: pearly white mass
CT temporal bone: bone erosion
π Treatment
Surgical removal
π¨ Complications
Conductive hearing loss
Mastoiditis
Facial nerve palsy
Intracranial infection
βοΈ Key clue
Chronic foul-smelling discharge + painless hearing loss = cholesteatoma until proven otherwise
Cholesteatoma is a collection of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear. It is not malignant but is locally destructive.
Usually follows chronic otitis media or a retraction pocket where skin gets trapped.
βοΈ Key pathology
Expands and erodes bone
Affects ossicles, mastoid air cells, sometimes facial nerve
π Clinical features
Foul-smelling chronic ear discharge
Painless progressive conductive hearing loss
Ear fullness
π Diagnosis
Otoscopy: pearly white mass
CT temporal bone: bone erosion
π Treatment
Surgical removal
π¨ Complications
Conductive hearing loss
Mastoiditis
Facial nerve palsy
Intracranial infection
βοΈ Key clue
Chronic foul-smelling discharge + painless hearing loss = cholesteatoma until proven otherwise
π2β€1
The peak severity period of laryngomalacia is:
Anonymous Quiz
30%
First 6 weeks of life with rapid spontaneous resolution
21%
After 18 months with progressive worsening over time
10%
Around 12 months with persistent symptoms into childhood
39%
Four to eight months of age with gradual improvement thereafter
Laryngoscopic finding most consistent with laryngomalacia is:
Anonymous Quiz
6%
Fixed posterior glottic web with reduced vocal cord mobility
62%
Omega-shaped epiglottis with inspiratory supraglottic collapse
11%
Diffuse subglottic granulation tissue with airway narrowing
21%
Paradoxical vocal cord motion during inspiration and expiration
π1
Most appropriate initial management for uncomplicated laryngomalacia is:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
Early surgical airway intervention with tracheostomy planning
9%
Routine antibiotic therapy to reduce upper airway inflammation
80%
Conservative management with observation and reflux control measures
8%
Inhaled corticosteroids with scheduled bronchoscopy follow-up
Forwarded from Files for Pediatrics and OBGYN | Black Lion ππ
𦻠LARYNGOMALACIA | SOMedEd
𦻠Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of inspiratory stridor in infants.
It occurs due to collapse of the supraglottic tissues during inspiration, leading to noisy breathing that typically worsens when the baby is supine and improves when prone.
π Laryngoscopy may show the classic omega-shaped epiglottis (Ξ©).
Most cases are mild and resolve spontaneously by 18 months with reassurance and close follow-up. Concurrent gastroesophageal reflux should also be managed when present.
𦻠Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of inspiratory stridor in infants.
It occurs due to collapse of the supraglottic tissues during inspiration, leading to noisy breathing that typically worsens when the baby is supine and improves when prone.
π Laryngoscopy may show the classic omega-shaped epiglottis (Ξ©).
Most cases are mild and resolve spontaneously by 18 months with reassurance and close follow-up. Concurrent gastroesophageal reflux should also be managed when present.
π3β€1
The most common suppurative complication of AOM is:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Labyrinthitis
64%
Acute mastoiditis
6%
Facial palsy
20%
Brain abscess
π2
Mastoid tenderness with ear displacement suggests:
Anonymous Quiz
11%
Otitis externa
71%
Acute mastoiditis
14%
Cholesteatoma
4%
Viral labyrinthitis
π2
π Acute Mastoiditis | SOMedEd
𦻠Acute mastoiditis is the most common suppurative complication of acute otitis media.
It presents with fever, postauricular tenderness/swelling, a bulging tympanic membrane, and outward displacement of the ear.
π Consider mastoiditis in any child with acute otitis media who develops tenderness behind the ear.
𦻠Acute mastoiditis is the most common suppurative complication of acute otitis media.
It presents with fever, postauricular tenderness/swelling, a bulging tympanic membrane, and outward displacement of the ear.
π Consider mastoiditis in any child with acute otitis media who develops tenderness behind the ear.
β€4
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Is vitamin toxicity more likely with water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamins?
Anonymous Quiz
30%
Water-soluble vitamins
70%
Fat-soluble vitamins
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π3
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Children aged 6β24 months are predisposed to OME due to:
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Immature cochlear development
8%
Increased mastoid air cell formation
81%
Narrow poorly draining eustachian tubes
2%
Reduced middle ear vascular supply
Pediatrics Questions Channel ππ
SOMedEd
Initial management of uncomplicated OME is:
Anonymous Quiz
23%
Urgent IV antibiotics
9%
Immediate myringotomy
64%
Observation with follow-up
3%
Systemic corticosteroids
Key differentiating feature of peritonsillar abscess from tonsillitis:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
Cough
64%
Trismus
7%
Rhinorrhea
27%
Bilateral tonsillar swelling
A child with βhot potato voiceβ, drooling, uvular deviation, and trismus most likely has:
Anonymous Quiz
6%
Acute tonsillitis
39%
Peritonsillar abscess
42%
Epiglottitis
13%
Retropharyngeal abscess
β€2π2
π§ Eustachian Tube in Young Children | SOMedEd
In young children, the Eustachian tube is short, narrow, and more horizontal. This causes poor drainage and easy blockage, especially after viral URIs or AOM. Fluid then gets trapped in the middle ear, leading to OME.
β€3π1
Which of the following best describes sickle cell trait?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Severe hemolytic anemia with low HbA
11%
Markedly decreased RBC indices and reticulocytosis
11%
Always associated with splenomegaly
58%
Usually asymptomatic with HbA > HbS on electrophoresis
π1
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Retrograde flow of urine from bladder to ureter due to urethral obstruction
78%
Retrograde flow of urine from bladder to ureter due to congenital UVJ defect
8%
Antegrade flow of urine from kidney to bladder due to infection
0%
Incomplete bladder emptying due to neurogenic bladder
π1
Pediatrics Questions Channel ππ
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
Most specific for diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
Urinalysis
15%
Renal ultrasound
80%
Voiding cystourethrogram
5%
CT abdomen