A patient with acute respiratory distress is on mechanical ventilation. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is being considered. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
PEEP prevents alveolar collapse and is safe in pneumothorax
68%
PEEP prevents alveolar collapse but should be avoided in pneumothorax
15%
PEEP decreases alveolar distension and improves oxygenation in pneumothorax
3%
PEEP is only used in patients with normal lungs
1%
PEEP has no effect on oxygenation or alveolar stability
A 14-year-old presents with localized bone pain and swelling. Imaging shows a diaphyseal lesion in the femur with a “onion-skin” periosteal reaction. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
1%
Giant cell tumor
22%
Osteosarcoma
71%
Ewing sarcoma
5%
Osteochondroma
1%
Chondrosarcoma
👍3
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A 16-year-old male presents with nighttime leg pain that dramatically improves with aspirin. Imaging reveals a small, radiolucent nidus in the cortex of the femur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Osteosarcoma
37%
Osteoid osteoma
17%
Osteoblastoma
16%
Ewing sarcoma
11%
Chondroblastoma
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A 16-year-old male presents with nighttime leg pain that dramatically improves with aspirin. Imaging reveals a small, radiolucent nidus in the cortex of the femur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Small, round lucency
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A patient presents with urethritis, and a laboratory aims to visualize Chlamydia trachomatis under the microscope. Which stain is most appropriate?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
Gram stain
27%
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
33%
Giemsa stain
9%
India ink
10%
Silver stain
👍1
An elderly patient presents with progressive gait instability, urinary incontinence & cognitive decline. MRI shows ventriculomegaly out of proportion to cortical atrophy. Which of the following best confirms the diagnosis & predicts response to treatment?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Elevated opening pressure on lumbar puncture
42%
High-volume lumbar puncture with transient gait improvement
22%
EEG showing diffuse slowing
13%
Serum vitamin B12 level
9%
Brain biopsy
❤3
A premature neonate has a continuous machine-like murmur and bounding pulses. Echocardiography confirms a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which medication promotes closure of this lesion?
Anonymous Quiz
74%
Indomethacin
10%
Milrinone
6%
Propranolol
3%
Furosemide
8%
Alprostadil
A macrosomic newborn delivered via vacuum extraction has crepitus over the clavicle and an asymmetric Moro reflex. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
46%
Brachial plexus injury (Erb palsy)
38%
Clavicular fracture
9%
Humeral shaft fracture
3%
Neonatal compartment syndrome
5%
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle
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A 28-year-old woman presents with easy bruising and mucosal bleeding. Labs show isolated thrombocytopenia with normal PT and PTT. Bone marrow biopsy reveals increased megakaryocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Aplastic anemia
15%
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
62%
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
6%
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
6%
Acute leukemia
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During acute inflammation, inflammatory cells and plasma proteins migrate from the bloodstream to the primary site of injury. Into which compartment do they move?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Intravascular space
13%
Intracellular space
67%
Interstitial space
13%
Lymphatic lumen
0%
Synovial cavity
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A biopsy specimen from an acutely inflamed tissue most characteristically demonstrates which of the following findings?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
Mononuclear cell infiltrate with fibrosis
17%
Granuloma formation with multinucleated giant cells
65%
Edema with predominant neutrophilic infiltration
11%
Eosinophil-rich infiltrate with immune complexes
5%
Lymphocytic infiltration with plasma cells
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Following acute tissue injury, the healing process begins during the inflammatory phase. Which of the following correctly distinguishes regeneration from repair?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Regeneration forms scar tissue; repair restores normal architecture
7%
Regeneration and repair are synonymous processes
14%
Regeneration occurs only in permanent tissues; repair occurs in labile tissues
56%
Regeneration replaces tissue with identical cells; repair replaces tissue with scar
15%
Regeneration requires fibroblast proliferation; repair requires stem cell activation
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Which of the following statements about dermatomyositis is correct?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
It involves inflammation of skeletal muscles only
80%
It is characterized by inflammation of the skin and muscles
8%
It affects only the skin, not the muscles
6%
It is a type of bacterial infection of the skin
What is the correct immediate postnatal management for a newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
Bag-mask ventilation immediately, then urgent surgical repair in the first hour
58%
Intubation, mechanical ventilation, gastric decompression, stabilization, delayed surgical repair
15%
Administration of high-flow oxygen and early surfactant, surgery if hypoxia persists
5%
Immediate ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)
Which of the following statements is correct regarding phimosis and paraphimosis?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Phimosis = retracted foreskin; paraphimosis = tight foreskin
69%
Phimosis = tight foreskin; paraphimosis = retracted, entrapped foreskin
10%
Both need surgery
4%
Paraphimosis is usually managed conservatively
👍3
A patient presents with a human bite that breaks the skin. What is the typical empiric treatment?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
Immediate primary closure and oral cephalexin
14%
Only topical antiseptics; antibiotics not needed
74%
Clean, debride, leave wound open, and amoxicillin-clavulanate
3%
Surgical closure and IV vancomycin
👍3