A term neonate with severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia later develops choreoathetoid movements, vertical gaze palsy, and sensorineural deafness. Most likely site of injury?

A newborn with cyanosis shortly after birth is found to have a large VSD and an overriding aorta. The mechanism responsible for systemic desaturation is:

A 19-year-old athlete presents with exertional syncope. Cardiac exam reveals a harsh systolic murmur that increases with Valsalva. Where is this murmur typically loudest?

A cyanotic newborn is found to have truncus arteriosus. Chest X-ray shows an absent thymic shadow. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

A 10-year-old child has a soft systolic murmur with no symptoms and a normal echocardiogram. The murmur becomes softer when the child stands or performs a Valsalva maneuver. What is the most likely explanation?

A newborn presents with cyanosis and signs of heart failure. Cardiac exam reveals a widely split S1 and S2 with a loud S3, creating a “triple gallop,” along with a holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 6-year-old child is asymptomatic but noted to have a systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a wide, fixed split S2 that does not vary with respiration. Oxygen saturation is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3-year-old child presents with 5 days of fever, conjunctival injection, strawberry tongue, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Kawasaki disease is suspected. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step regarding cardiac evaluation?

A 2-year-old child with known Tetralogy of Fallot develops sudden cyanosis and irritability while playing. The child instinctively squats. Which mechanism best explains the improvement in oxygenation?

A 3-month-old infant with Down syndrome presents with poor feeding, tachypnea, and failure to thrive. Cardiac exam reveals a systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a fixed split S2. What is the most likely diagnosis?

newborn presents with jaundice, an enlarged tongue, and lethargy. Labs show high TSH and low free T4. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A newborn of a mother with poorly controlled diabetes develops tremors and jitteriness shortly after birth. What is the most common complication in infants of diabetic mothers?

A newborn presents with prolonged PT and aPTT. Vitamin K deficiency is suspected. Which coagulation factors are most affected?

A 3-year-old child with sickle cell disease presents with sudden pallor, abdominal fullness, and splenomegaly. Labs show normocytic anemia with markedly elevated reticulocyte count. What distinguishes this from an aplastic crisis?

A 2-year-old child presents with ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the right side. Imaging reveals a cervical paravertebral mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 5-year-old child presents with jaundice, anemia, and splenomegaly. Peripheral smear shows spherocytes. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology?

A joint is examined and found to have a distinct joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, allowing free movement between articulating bones. Which type of joint is this?