A 6-month-old infant presents with vomiting, irritability, and a bulging anterior fontanelle. On exam, the eyes appear half-closed with the upper eyelids pulled down and the sclera visible above the iris. This is most consistent with:

A 6-year-old child presents with low-grade fever, mild conjunctivitis, and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Three days later, a pink maculopapular rash appears on the face and spreads downward to the trunk and extremities. The most likely diagnosis is?

A 5-year-old with fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis develops a maculopapular rash starting at the hairline and spreading downward, fading in the same order. What feature distinguishes it from rubella?

A 6-year-old presents with mild fever and malaise. Two days later, a bright red “slapped cheek” rash appears on the face, followed by a lacy, reticular rash on the trunk and extremities. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A child develops vesicles starting on the trunk, then spreading to face and extremities, with lesions in different stages. Most likely diagnosis?

A 1-month-old infant is evaluated for developmental milestones. Which gross motor skill is expected at this age?

A 9-month-old infant is evaluated for developmental milestones. Which gross motor skills are typically expected at this age?

A 12-month-old infant is evaluated for developmental milestones. Which gross motor skill is typically expected at this age?

A 3-year-old child is evaluated for gross motor development. Which of the following skills is typically expected at this age?

A 4-month-old infant presents with a flattened area on one side of the skull but is otherwise healthy and neurologically normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3-month-old infant presents with an abnormally shaped head. On examination, there is ridge formation along the sagittal suture and the head appears long and narrow. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old child presents with fever, headache, and myalgia. On exam, there are petechial lesions on the palms and soles that are now spreading to the trunk. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 32-year-old woman presents with recurrent vaginal candidiasis that is refractory to standard antifungal therapy. Which underlying condition should be evaluated first, and what test should be done?

A patient presents with gradual cognitive changes and mild hemiparesis after minor head trauma. Imaging shows a crescent-shaped extra-axial collection. What is the most likely diagnosis, mechanism, and treatment?

A patient presents with a stab wound to the neck involving the upper and middle zones, but is hemodynamically stable and asymptomatic. What is the recommended management?

A newborn is diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with esophageal atresia (EA). Which screening is most appropriate due to commonly associated anomalies?

A 3-month-old infant presents with inspiratory stridor that worsens when supine and improves when prone. Laryngoscopy shows supraglottic collapse during inspiration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 2-year-old has ptosis, miosis, and facial anhidrosis. Labs: ↑ urine VMA. Imaging: cervical sympathetic chain mass. Most likely diagnosis?

A 3-week-old infant presents with persistent, non-bilious projectile vomiting after feeds. On exam, you palpate a firm “olive-sized” mass in the right upper quadrant. Labs show hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Next best step in management?

A 6-week-old infant presents with progressive jaundice, hepatomegaly, and pale stools. Labs show direct hyperbilirubinemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A full-term newborn is 30 hours old and has not yet passed urine or meconium. Which is most accurate regarding normal timing?